Intestinal Obstruction Flashcards
Why small intestine is most often involved in git obstruction although other parts can also be involved
Because of its relatively narrow lumen
What are the common causes of intestinal mechanical Obstruction ?
80% of cases
🟡Hernias
🟡Intestinal adhesions
🟡Intussusception
🟡Volvulus
10% to 15% Others
🟡 humors
🟡Infarction
🟡Strictures for example, Crohn disease
What are the clinical manifestations of intestinal obstruction?
Abdominal pain and distention, vomiting, and constipation
When surgical intervention is required?
In cases of bowel infarction, or the obstruction has mechanical bases
What are intestinal adhesions?
irregular bands of scar tissue that form between two bowel segments, the abdominal wall, or operative sites
What are the common causes of intestinal adhesions?
🟢Surgical procedures(e.g. Laparotomy)
🟡 infection, and other causes of peritoneal inflammation, such as endometriosis
How intestinal adhesions produce obstruction?
The fibrous bridge create close loops through which other viscera may slide and become entrapped resulting in intestinal herniation that may lead to obstruction and strangulation.
Are fibrous adhesions acquired or congenital
They are often acquired, but can be congenital in rare cases, there for internal herniation must be considered even in the absence of history of peritonitis or surgery
What is volvulus?
Is the twisting of a loop of bowels about its mesenteric point of attachment, resulting in both luminal and vascular components.
Thus it presents with features of both obstruction and infarction
What are the parts that most often valvulas occur in by frequency?
It occurs most often in large redundant loops of sigmoid colon, followed in frequency by the cecum, small bowel, stomach or rarely transverse colon
What is intussusception?
It occurs when a segment of the intestine, constricted by a wave of peristalsis, telescopes into their immediately distal segment, once trapped, the invaginated segment is a propelled by peristalsis and pulls the mesentery along
Or
It occurs when a segment of the intestine telescopes into their immediately distal segment due to abnormal peristaltic waves
What is the prognosis of intussusception?
🟢Intestinal obstruction
🟡Compression of mesenteric vessels and infarction
Which group intussusception is common in
It is most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children younger than 2 years of age, the cause is idiopathic
It is rare in older children and adults
What is endometriosis?
Is a disease of female reproductive system, in which endometrial like cells are present outside the uterus
Which is more common, intestinal or colonic tumors?
Colonic tumors are much more common than small intestinal tumors
