Intestinal Nematodes Flashcards
What is pinworm?
Enterobius Vermicularis
How is pinworm transmitted ?
Fecal Oral transmission
Where doe pinworm live in the human body?
The cecum as does whipworm
What are sx of pinworm infestation? What is the prepatent period?
Anal itch, Appendicitis, Salpingitis, Sterile Pyuria, Cervical Granuloma. The PP period is 3 to 4 weeks.
What is the treatment of Pinworm?
Mebendazole/Albendazole; repeat in 2 weeks
What is roundworm?
Ascaris Lumbricoides
How is round worm transmitted?
Fecal Oral
Where does round worm live?
The small intestine
What are sx of roundworm infestation? What is the prepatent period?
Malnutrition,Vitamin A deficiency, growth lag, intestinal obstruction, volvulous, intussusception, intestinal infarction, Biliary obstruction and inflammation, Pancreatitis, Pneumonitis (Loeffler’s Syndrome). The PP period is 2 months. The life cycle involves passage from the SI to the blood to the liver and then to the heart and lung, The larva is swallowed and matures.
What is whipworm?
Trichuris Trichura.
Where does whipworm live in the human body?
The cecum.
How is whipworm transmitted?
Fecal Oral route
What are the sx of whipworm?
Colitis- mimics inflammatory bowel disease.
Dysentery
Rectal Prolapse
What is hookworm?
Two species:Necator Americanus, Ancylostoma Doudenale
Where does it live?
The small Intestine
What is its life cycle?
Larvae penetrate the bare skin of feet or buttocks and enter the circulation. Upon arrival in the lung, they crawl up the Trachea and are swallowed. They then migrate to the Small intestine.
What are sx of hookworm infestation?
Malnutrition, Kwashiorkor, Iron deficiency and Anemia,,. Lacona-pharyngeal irritation. The prepatent period is months to 1 year
What is thread worm?
Strongyloides Stercolaris.
Where does it live?
The duodenum and jejunum. The female lives in the lamina propria of the jejunum. It can mimic TB due toits effects on the Lung.
What are the sx of this worm infestation?
Abdominal pain, Larva Currrens, Pulmonary infiltrates, Pneumonia, Gram Negative Meningitis, Intestinal Perforation, Can disseminate due to cancer and immunosuppressives such as steroids.
What is the treatment of Strongyloides?
Ivermectin 200ug/kg for 1 to 3 days, Hyperinfection may occur and this requires albendazole and a steroid taper.
What is the presentation of Paracapillaria Phillipensis?
Watery Diarrhea, like Sprue.
What do the eggs resemble?
Those of Tricihuris Trichura
What is the life cycle of this parasite?
Eggs are passed by humans,which are then ingested by freshwater fish. Internal autoinfection. also occurs.
Cysts of rodents and pigs are ingested and dissolve in the stomach. They transform into adults in the small intestine and become migrating larvae.
What is the treatment for P. Phillipenisis?
Albendazole.for 10 days
Where is Trichostrongylus eggs found?
Imbedded in intestinal mucosa of herbivores and humans
In what part of the world does infection occur?
The Middle eats and central asia
What worm does Trichostrongylus resemble?
Hookworm but larger.
What is the treatment for this parasite?
ALbendazole 400 mg x 1 dose.
What infestation is associated with Toxocara canis?
Hookworm infestation
How is this worm transmitted to humans?
Transplacentally, thru breast feeding, orally thru PICA, exposure to other children and sandboxes
What is the life cycle of Toxocara Canis?
After ingestion, larva goes to small intestine. It then enters the blood stream and passes to liver and then to lung.
What are the clinical presentations of this infestation?
Neural, ocular and visceral Larva Migrans, Seizures, Learning Disability and Behavioral Problems, Urticaria, Prurigo, Myositis and Asthma. Ocular Larva Migrans can resemble a retinoblastoma-RX laser)
What diseases resemble Toxocara Canis infection?
Balyascaris and Ancylostoma Caninum both of which causem cutaneous and visceral larva migrans
What organisms cause visceral larva migrans?
Toxocara canis and cati-VLM
Ancylostoma
Bayliascaris-( Racoon Feces)- VLM, OLM, CLM, Brain Sx
Capillaria Hepatica-( Rodents and Pigs)-VLM
Gnathostoma Spinigerum- (undercooked fish, snakes and birds)- VLM, OLM, CLM
Aniskasis
Angiostrongylous Cantonensis(undercooked snails, slugs, shrimp, fish). can lead to eosinophilic meningitis
What nematodes complete their life cycle in humans?
Trichnella Spiralis (pigs and bears) Capillaria Phillipenisis ( Rodents and Pigs)
What organisms are arrested at the larval stage?
Anikasis
What are the sx of Trichnella?
Abdominal Pain, nausea and vomiting followed in a week by edema, fever, rash and eosinophilia. Migration can involve the heart and cns.
What is the treatment of Trichnosis?
Albendazole/Mebendazole, add steroids if there is heart and cns involvement.
What is Aniskasis?
It is caused by larvae found in cod.It is usually a disease if marine mammals. 95% of cases in Japan.
What are the sx of Anikasis?
Abdominal Pain, N, V, coughing up worms. Bowel perforation, allergic sx including anaphylaxis and urticaria
What is the treatment for Aniskasiasis?
Albendazole 10 mg /kg + Steroids for 5 days, DEC 3mg/kg/day for in three divided doses for 21 days or Mebendazole 100 mg bid for 5 days
