intestinal and stomach tumors Flashcards
3 stromal tumors names
schwanomas
leionomas
fibromas
two types of bening stomach tumors
polyps,
stromal (mesenchymal)
hyperplasted pulp etiology
APC gene mutetion
chronic gastritis
which type of tumor apears at 20% of post gastrectomy due to carcinoma?
hyperplasted polyp
where do fundic gland polyps are located in most cases?
which type of cells do they contain?
fundus and body of stomach
parietal, cheif and foveolar mucus cells.
etiology of fundic gland polyps
sporadic
PPI usage
etiology of gastric adenocarcinoma
APC gene mutation
chronic gastritis
5 general characteristics of adenoma
50-60's variations between population 3:1 male to female adenocarcinoma risk corralates eith polyp size greater risk of cancer (30%)
2 histologycal caracteristics of adenoma
solitary antral lessions
dysplasia (low to high grade)
most prevalent malignant tumors of the stomach
carcinoma 90-95% lymphoma neuroendocrine malignant stromal (from most prevalent to least)
etiology of gastric carcinoma
malnutrition smoking socioeconomical status chronic inflammation with H.pylori partial gastrectomy (reflux of bilious, alkaline intestinal fluid)
pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma?
mostly not inherited
familial: CDH1 gene mutation which encodes to E-cadherins
TP53 gene mutation
pathogenesis of Diffuse gastric cancer (carcinoma)
loss of E-cadherins
pathogenesis of intestinal gastric cancer (carcinoma)
GOF- wat pathway
LOF- APC gene
GOF- beta catenin gene
favored location of gastric carcinoma
antropyloric, lesser curvature
passing of wich layer differentiate between early and advanced gastric carcinomas
submucosa
morphological diffrences between Intestinal and Diffuse gastric carcinoma
papillary
single cells with vacules of mucuin- signet cells
4 macroscopic growth patterns of gastric carcinomas
exophytic
flat
excavated
linitis plastica
Advanced gastric carcinoma symptoms
weight loss abdominal pain anorexia vomitting change in bowl habits dysphagia anemia hemorrage
Early gastric carcinoma symptoms
symptoms usually seen in Advanced carcinoma
gastric carcinoma metastatic distribution
regional lymph nodes
virchovs lymph node (supraclavicular)
liver, lung @ peritoneum
krukenberg (ovaries lymph nodes)
etiology of gastric lymphoma
chronic gastritis with H.pyloric establishment
pathogenesis of gastric lymphoma
Translocation (11-18,14-18,1-14)
GoF of nk-fB (b cell growth and prolifration)
morphology of gastric lymphoma
lymphoepithelial lesions- neoplastic lymphocyts infiltrate the lamina propria and epithel.
favored abdominal location of neuroendocrine neoplasms
40% in small intestine
tracheobronchial tree and lungs
etiology of neuroendocrine neoplasms
hyperplasia:
- autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis
- MEN-1
- zollinger ellison syndrome
pathgenesis of neuroendocrine neoplasms
intramural or submucosal small polypoid lessions
histological apperance of neuroendocrine neoplasms
‘salt and paper’- granular basophilic cytoplasm, round nucleaus
markers of neuroendocrine cells in immunohistochimical stains
chromograffin A
synaptophysin
favored location of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
50% in stomach
gastrointestinal stromal tumors cell’s origin? (GIST)
inetrstitial cells of cajal
epidemiology of GIST
neurofibromatosis type 1
60’s of life
>10% in the 40’s
pathogensis of GIST
80% KIT @PDGFRA genes
morphology of GIST
solitay
well circumscribed
ulcerated or intact mucosa
very large (up to 30cm)
