INTERWAR

Question 1

Article X

Answer 1

Clause in the covenant of the LON. Members promised to use their powers to resist aggression. USA refused to join mainly based on this.

Question 2

Treaty of Rapallo

Answer 2

Signed 1922 b/w. Weimar Germany and Leninist Russia. Treaty of mutual assistance. Allowed Ger. to develop weapons in violation of TOV.

Question 3

JM Keynes

Answer 3

Prominent British economist who wrote a book condemning the TOV. Felt it was going to hinder European prosperity.

Question 4

Carthaginian Peace

Answer 4

Extremely harsh treaty designed to permanently eliminate them as a future threat. Ger. felt the TOV was an example of this.

Question 5

30 million

Answer 5

Number of people who ended up as ethnic minorities in countries after WW1. Seed of future conflict.

Question 6

Polish corridor

Answer 6

Strip of territory previously German given to Poland after WW1 to allow access to the sea. Source of much bitterness to Germans.

Question 7

Little Entente, 1921

Answer 7

Alliance of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania to safeguard new independence from other central European states. Sign of trouble to come.

Question 8

Ruhr crisis, 1923

Answer 8

Area of Germany occupied by France and Belgium in 1923 in order to seize goods as reparation payments.

Question 9

Dawes Plan, 1923

Answer 9

Economic plan involving the USA lending money to Germany to rebuild her industry and pay reparations to UK and Fr. Short term success as gave Ger. cash but was based on short-term loans. Problem after 1929 crash.

Question 10

Mandate system

Answer 10

Countries previously held as colonies now were going to be administered as mandates by the LON. Many (USA) saw it as empire building with a friendly face.

Question 11

Isolationism

Answer 11

US policy to withdraw from global affairs. Weakened the LON.

Question 12

Anglo-American guarantee

Answer 12

A proposed treaty after WW1 in which the USA and UK would defend Fr. against Ger. aggression. Not ratified and never came into force. Fr. remained unsatisfied.

Question 13

Washington Naval Treaty, 1922

Answer 13

USA, Britain, France, Italy and Japan (5 powers,
therefore Five-Power Treaty) agreed to limit their navies. The USA, Britain and Japan agreed not to build any new battleships and cruisers for 10 years, and to keep certain ratio between their fleets. It was an attempt to prevent a naval arms race that began after World War I.

Question 14

5:5:3

Answer 14

USA, UK, Japan ratio of naval armament agreed in the Washington Naval Treaty, 1922

Question 15

10:10:7

Answer 15

USA, UK, Japan ratio of naval armament agreed in the London Naval Conference 1922. Japan came out of it slightly better than before.

Question 16

London Naval Conference, 1936

Answer 16

MASSIVE FAILURE. Japan and Italy walked out. All agreements from before were called off.

Question 17

Geneva Disarmament Conference, 1932-34

Answer 17

Germany withdrew. France ended up building the Maginot Line and no agreement was reached.