Interwar.

Question 1

Post war: understand the difficulties in redrawing the map of Europe (ethnic divisions, strategic considerations)

Answer 1

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Question 2

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 2

• peace terms imposed on Germany by the Allied victors of the First World War
• peace terms of 28 June 1919, handed to Germany after the First World War, were drawn up at the Paris Peace Conference
• treaty broke up and redistributed the German Empire and required substantial reparation payments from it

Question 3

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Answer 3

• World War One was coming to an end, President Woodrow Wilson of the United States drew up a plan for ending the war which he presented in January, 1918 called the Fourteen Points
• Wilson believed that Germany should be punished but in a way that would lead to European reconciliation as opposed to revenge

Question 4

Examples of foreign policy: mutual deterrence, armed intervention, international sanctions, multilateral disarmament

Answer 4

• mutual deterrence: A stable situation in which two or more countries or coalitions of countries are inhibited from attacking each other because the casualties and/or damage
• armed intervention: an official response to a situation which involves the armed forces
• international sanctions: political and economic decisions that are part of diplomatic efforts by countries, multilateral or regional organizations against states or organizations either to protect national security interests, or to protect international law, and defend against threats to international peace and security
• multilateral disarmament: measures utilized by more than two countries to reduce armaments and to search for peace and security by means of an international treaty agreed to by all the parties

Question 5

Locarno Pact 1925 and The Kellogg Pact 1928

Answer 5

• series of agreements whereby Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe
• Kellogg-Briand Pact, also called Pact of Paris, (August 27, 1928), multilateral agreement attempting to eliminate war as an instrument of national policy. It was the most grandiose of a series of peacekeeping efforts after World War I

Question 6

Holodomor famine 1932-33

Answer 6

• man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians
• a dictator wanted both to replace Ukraine’s small farms with state-run collectives and punish independence-minded Ukrainians who posed a threat to his totalitarian authority

Question 7

Russia and industrialization 1929-34

Answer 7

• Rapid industrialization caused discontent among the people, the growth of factories brought new problems, poor working conditions, really low wages, child labor, outlawed trade unions. War and revolution destroyed the Russian economy.