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Interview & interrogations > interview & interrogations > Flashcards

interview & interrogations Flashcards

1
Q

Rapport

A

Harmonious relationship, where people or groups concerned understand each other’s feelings or ideas and communicate well.

  • Communication & Mutual understanding
  • A Relationship built on mutual trust or emotional affinity
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2
Q

Rapport Experience & research

A

shows victims, witnesses & suspects provide more information to officers who build rapport during interviews & interrogations

  • More accurate
  • Helps victims & witnesses remember & provide more information
  • Helps suspects overcome stress & anxiety
  • Conversation flows more freely & improves cooperation with officers
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3
Q

Effective rapport building

A

*Begins at the time of initial contact (e.g. call to schedule an appointment, at time of arrest, at the booking desk, introduction by third party or other officer/detective) and continues throughout the interview.

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4
Q

Respect

A

showing consideration for another person’s needs or feeling

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5
Q

Demonstrate Respect by:

A

Empathy- understanding for other people’s feelings & emotions

Courtesy- being polite & kind to people

Decorum- showing good manners

Clarity- explain “why” actions are taken

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6
Q

IF shown respect: (Victims, witnesses & suspects

A
  • More likely to be honest & share information & confess to a crime
  • Guilty suspects provide fuller accounts of their actions
  • Primary reason child molestation suspects confess during interviews
  • Demeaning & coercive treatment does not = confession
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7
Q

Neutrality

A

being fair, impartial & not helping either side in conflict or disagreement

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8
Q

Best practices to demonstrate neutrality:

A
  • Treat all races, ages, cultures, and beliefs equally
  • Be patient & listen to all sides equally
  • Recognize & manage biases in self & interviewee
  • Avoid Leading questions
  • Prepare a list of open-ended questions in advance

Do not use dominant techniques

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9
Q

Questioning

A

gather complete & accurate information, officers must ask questions.

Helps officers demonstrate active listening, empathy, understanding & neutrality.

Opportunity to watch interviewee’s body language & evaluate veracity of info provided.

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10
Q

Best Practices when asking questions during interviews & interrogations:

A

Use open & closed-ended questions strategically

Closed-ended questions -short, concise answers, limit amount of info obtained used for:

Gathering basic info (begin with series of close-ended admin questions, DOB, name) helps begins rapport building, establish authority & provide structure for interviewee

  • Identify shared interest, likes dislikes with interviewee, be genuine
  • Ask direct questions to determine conduct or knowledge

Open-ended questions- call for narrative response which produce more accurate information it allows interviewees to take control of the conversation & communicate freely. Open questions are used to:

  • Facilitate general conversation
  • Identify shared interest, likes or dislikes with interviewee
  • Gather initial facts
  • Identify what interviewee considers important

*Be aware of the spacing of your questions

-give interviewee time to answer each question fully. Do not rush them to finish or ask questions in a rapid-fire succession.

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11
Q

Active Listening

A

combination of body language, questioning & summarizing to show interest.

Officers who actively listen during interviews are more effective at building rapport, demonstrating respect & gathering information

  • 3-4 times more information
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12
Q

Best practices for demonstrating Active Listening during interviews & interrogations:

A
  1. Make consistent eye contact throughout interview
  2. Summarize interviewee answers and statements
  3. Use non- verbal gestures & verbal prompts to encourage & facilitate interviewee participation NOTE: avoid body language or comments that communicates surprise, sarcasm, shock, or disappointment
  4. Echo probing
  5. Mirroring
  6. Silence
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13
Q

Professionalism

A

good judgment & polite behavior expected from a person who is trained to do a job well. Conduct, behaviors, or qualities that characterize a profession or a professional person. MPTC Motto = “Professional Service through Integrity, Equality, and Excellence

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14
Q

Demonstrating Professionalism during interviews & interrogations:

A
  • be neutral, fair & impartial
  • be responsible (codes of conduct & procedural justice)
  • be prepared (organized, have needed documents forms)
  • Recognize limitations
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15
Q

Two types of unscheduled conversations for law enforcement purposes

A

Field interviews and Terry stop/threshold inquiries

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16
Q

Field interviews (consensual encounters)

A

brief interaction, police officer stops person to talk with, ask that person questions to learn information. Used to learn basic & real-time information about people places & events. Field interviews will always require the filing of a Field contact, Field Interview, or Field Observation report

  • Occur while working uniform patrol
  • Take place in public setting
  • Last less than 20 minutes
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17
Q

Investigative Stop/Terry Stop/Threshold inquiry

A

through words or conduct, objectively communicated that the officer will use their police power to coerce the person to stay. Officer must have reasonable suspicion based on specific and articulable facts that a crime has been, is being or is about to be committed.

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18
Q

P.R.I.D.E.S. Interview Method

A

Best practices for interviews stemming from specific incidents & for Scheduled interviews

Plan the interview

Rapport building

Identify people

Develop information

Evaluate Information

Summarize

19
Q

Plan the interview

A

to identify interview goals, officers must plan their approach beforehand

Plan phase:

a. identify purpose of interview
b. gather pertinent background information on person to be interviewed
c. identify information needed to be obtained & prepare subjects
d. prepare to take detail notes. Note taking should be 2nd officers job

20
Q

Rapport Building

A

victims, witnesses & suspects participate more fully & provide more information when officers build & maintain Rapport

  • Effective rapport building begins immediately & continues throughout interview
  • Use officer safety tactics (distance, contact & cover)
21
Q

Identify people

A

makes it easier for officers to re-contact

  • Ask for photo identification & use closed-ended questions to obtain:

Fullname, D.O.B, home address, etc

22
Q

Develop information

A

Info is developed by asking questions, watching behavior & listening

Developing phase include:

use Open-ended questions to gather initial facts

Allow interviewee to answer without interruption

Use gesturing, mirroring, echo probing, silence and other active listening techniques

23
Q

Evaluate Information

A

reviewing & asking follow-up questions

Evaluate phase includes:

Using closing questions to confirm statements

Using open-ended questions for more elaboration/ avoid

leading questions and lastly obtain written statements

24
Q

Summarize

A

concluding interviews in positive & professional manner maintains rapport and makes it easier to re-contact.

25
Q

Interview for Specific incident

A

use P.R.I.D.E.S

Separate & Prioritize

correct order 1. Victim 2. Witness 3. Suspects

Location, Use time efficiently,

**Nature & seriousness of event will determine how long officer

Can wait to interview people

26
Q

Scheduled Interview

A

planned & formal interaction where officers ask potential suspects or citizens more in-depth questions. Last more than 30minutes , non-accusatory style

Use P.R.I.D.E.S method

27
Q

Non-custodial

A

suspect voluntarily comes & is free to leave

28
Q

Interrogations

A

formal & systematic questioning of a person in-custody

  • Planned in advance
  • Occur at police station or other detention facility
  • Can last for hours
  • Allow officers more time to gather evidence & develop questions in advance
  • questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or deprived of their freedom
  • 5th amendment provides individuals protections from self- incrimination (plead 5th)

Purpose = obtain a truthful confession

29
Q

Legal Standards

A

5th amendment & article 12 protect against self-incrimination during interrogations

30
Q

Defendants statement analyzed in two ways:

A

Miranda Analysis: advised rights and did he waive them Knowingly, intelligently & voluntarily

Due Process Analysis: were all statements made on suspects free will

31
Q

Two prongs to Miranda

A

Custody & interrogation must be present before Miranda rights

32
Q

In Mass a statement made within

A

6 hours of an arrest will not be suppressed because of unreasonable delay of arraignment

33
Q

Safe harbor rule

A

statement outside of six-hour rule will be suppressed as involuntary unless arrestee waives their right

34
Q

police should delay questioning suspects who are:

A

inxtoicated or under the influence of drugs

35
Q

“Scrupulously honor”

A

suspects right to invoke and stop interrogation immediately

36
Q

Edwards Rule

A

suspect invokes his right to counsel

37
Q

Within ______ of arrival at police or detention facility

A

(1) hour people must be informed of their right to use and be allowed a telephone call to family, arrange bail or contact attorney

38
Q

Limited circumstances where Miranda warnings not be given include

A
  1. Routine Booking question exception
  2. Public safety exception
39
Q

what are P.R.I.N.C.P.L.E.S ?

best practice for ______ interrogations

A

Plan the interrogation

Rapport building

Miranda Rights

Normalize honesty

Clarify Information

Identify Contradictions

Push through denials

Listen and Look

Evidence gathering

Summarize

40
Q

Interviewing Victims:

A

balance victims immediate concerns or fear to obtain information

first manage victims emotions (fear, panic, anger, silence, frustration)

*address victims need for physical & emotional safety first

Use: P.R.I.D.E.S interview method

41
Q

Interviewing Witnesses:

A

Witnesses corroborate known info or provide officers with new info

* Separate all witnesses immediately & interview separately

Use P.R.I.D.E.S interview method

Encourage & emphasize a need for justice

42
Q

Interviewing Children :

A

for serious crimes consult or request experienced child interviewer also Consult with Local DA Office

**Do not use leading questions for children ..can be confusing & result in false affirmative responses.

43
Q

Interviewing People with limited English:

A

be patient, smile when appropriate, speak slowly & clearly

Do not increase voice volume, Be concise (yes & no)

*serious criminal offenses have no communication until interpreter

***sit or stand in front of LEP & talk directly to them, not interpreter

Interview & interrogations (1 decks)

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