Interview Flashcards
Data collected about a patient’s level of wellness, change of life patterns, sociocultural role, and mental and emotional illness
Health History
-Used to gather health history
-subjective
- conversation where questions to client and client answers
Interview
Focus of Interview
- Establishing rapport and a trusting relationship with the client to elicit accurate and meaningful information
- Gathering information on client’s:
- Developmental
- Psychological
- Physiological
- Sociocultural
- Spiritual statuses
Phases of interview
- Pre-introductory Phase
- Introductory Phase
- Working Phase
- Summary and Closing Phase
Phase that happens before interviewing the client, reviewing medical records, and reveal the client’s reason for seeking health care and past health history.
Pre-introductory Phase
What to do if there are no available past medical records?
Rely on the interview to elicit information from the client
What to do if the client is unable to speak?
Rely on the family or significant others of the client
Phase where you explain the purpose of the interview, discuss the type of questions that will be asked.
Introductory Phase
Where to conduct introductory phase?
Where it is comfortable and has privacy. Not on the bedside of the client or around patients
Phase where nurse listens, observe cues and uses critical thinking skills to interpret and validate information from the client
Working Phase
Phase where there is a collaboration of the nurse and clientr to indentify the client’s problems and goals
Working phase
Phase that is free flowing or more structured with specific questions
Working Phase
Phase that summarizes information obtained from the cluent
Summary and Closing Phase
Phase that identifies and discusses possible plans to solve problem with client and ask if anything else concerns the client and if there are any further questions.
Summary and Closing Phase
Set the proper environment
- create an environment in which the patient feels comfortable
- use various communication strategies
- establish rapport with the client
- explain what will be covered during the interview
- a supportive, encouraging approach will make tour client much more approaching and will enable you to provide optimal care
Proper distance between the nurse and client during interview
3-4ft away
Helpful tips to make intervies more pleasing to the client
A. Choose a quiet, private, and well-lit setting
B. Make sure that the client is comfortable
C. Introduce yourself; explain the purpose of the health history and assessment
D. Reassure confidentiality
E. Reassure how long the interview will last
F. Use touch sparingly
G. Be wary of what you say
How long does it usually take for a formal interview?
45min - 1hour
Overcoming Language Barriers
- Interpreter
- Hearing Impaired
- Dealing with culturally different clients
- Communicate effectively
Who to call if the client has a different language as you?
Interpreter
Interpreter should translate exactly the same words
Verbatim
Who to avoid using as interpreters?
Family members or friends
What to do if the client is hearing impaired?
- light should be bright enough for them to see your lips move
- face client, speak slowly and clearly
- let the client use assistive devices such as hearing aids
- sign language, see if the institution has a sign language interpreter
What to avoid when conversing with client?
- avoid medical terms and jargons
- avoid using terms of endearment
What should we be aware of when dealing if culturally different clients?
We should be aware of our own culture as nurses before knowing culture of our client to prevent biases
2 types of communication strategies
Non-verbal communication strategies
Verbal communication strategies
Non-verbal communication strategies 1-5
- Listen attentively and make eye contact frequently
- Use reassuring gestures
- Watch nonverbal cues that indicate the client is uncomfortable or unsure about how to answer a question
- Be aware of your nonverbal behaviors that might cause the client to stop talking or become defensive.
- Observe the client closely to see if he understands the questions
Non-verbal communication strategies (a-f)
A. Silence
B. Appearance
C. Demeanor
D. Facial expression
E. Attitude
F. Listening
Gives nurses a chance to assess his ability to organize thoughts
Silence
Being professiona, wearing neat clothes, laboratory coats, nametags, ID cards, hair is neat, fingernails should be short and neat, no jewelry
Appearance
It is the manner, character, and conduct. Being professional.
Demeanor
Overlook aspect of communication
Facial expression
Often shows what you are truly thinking
Facial expression
All client should be accepted, regardless of belief, ethnicity, lifestyle, and health care practices.
Attitude
Most important skill to learn and develop fully in order to collect complete and valid data
Listening
What to avoid when listening to the client?
Avoid crossing arms, sitting back, tilting your head away from the client, thinking other things or looking blank in attentive
Ranges from alternating between open ended and closed ended questions
Verbal communication strategies
Questions where the client responds more freely with explanation
Open ended questions
Response may provide more answers to many other questions
Open ended questions
What does open ended questions require?
The client to express feelings, opinions, and ideas
Elicit yes and no answers. Limits the development of nurse-client rapport
Closed-ended questions
“please continue”
Encourage client to continue with the story
Facilitation
Helps that you and the client are on the same track
Confirmation
Technique help clear misconceptions that you and the client might have. Confirm what your client said
Confirmation
Repeatinf something the client has just said, to obtain more specific information
Reflection
Use this technique if information is vague
Clarification
Restate the information to ensure the information and data you collected are accurate and complete
Summarization
Signals the client when the nurse is ready to conclude the interview
Conclusion
This signal gives client the opportunity to gather his thoughts and make pertinent final statement
Conclusion
Communication to avoid
- Biased or leadinf question
- Rushing through the interview
- Reading rhe question
Non-verbal communication
- Eye contact
- Distraction and Distance
- Standing
