Interventions Flashcards
What is empathic responding?
Reflecting feelings back to the client
What is rational emotive behaviour therapy?
Clients are helped to identify and challenge irrational beliefs by looking at Activating Events, Beliefs and Consequences of same.
What is a continuous schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforces every single production of a target behaviour
What is an intermittent schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforces a specific number of behavioural occurrences
What is interoceptive exposure?
Helping clients experience feared physical sensations (associated with panic)
Pscyhodynamic therapy recognises ___ and ___ drives as important determinants of psychological state.
Conscious and unconscious
In psychodynamic therapy, the therapist aims to interpret the subconscious motivations underpinning behaviour and expressions of thoughts and feelings. These motivations are detected through… (2 things)?
Client’s expression of cues such as avoidance (evasiness, defence and resistance)
Re-occurrence of themes
What is the primary goal of psychodynamic therapy?
To uncover and process internal conflicts which represent the root cause of disturbances in mental health.
What are the three phases of IPT?
1) Evaluate psychosocial environment and identify focal interpersonal problems or conflicts
2) Identify problematic relationships and interactions and equip the client with strategies to manage these
3) Termination and forward planning
What are the four interpersonal conflicts according to IPT?
Grief and loss, interpersonal disputes, role transitions/change and interpersonal deficits
What are the four key mechanisms of change which are commonly implemented in IPT?
1) Enhancing social support
2) Decreasing interpersonal stress
3) Processing emotions
4) Improving interpersonal skills
What do humanistic approaches aim to do?
To facilitate growth by building on client strengths and fostering a sense of agency to achieve goals and fulfil potential.
What is the primary goal of narrative therapy?
To replace dominant maladaptive narratives with preferred alternatives.
What is the primary goal of solutions-focused therapy?
For the client to establish and visualise goals that they aim to achieve.
What is socratic questioning?
Socratic questioning is a form of disciplined questioning that can be used to pursue thought in many directions and for many purposes, including: to explore complex ideas, to get to the truth of things, to open up issues and problems, to uncover assumptions, to analyse concepts, to distinguish what we know from what we do not know, to follow out logical consequences of thought or to control discussions.
What medication may be useful for cluster A PDs?
Low doses of antipsychotics
What medication may be useful for cluster B personality disorders?
SSRIs, gabapentin and naltrexone (anxiety/sedation)
What medication may be useful for cluster C personality disorders?
SSRIs or long-acting benzos (e.g. Clonazapam or Buspirone)
What medications are useful for ADHD?
Dexamphetamine or mephinidate (Ritalin)
What medications are useful for BPAD?
Mania will usually require sedation
Mood stabilising medication is usually used (e.g. Lithium or Valproate)
What medications may be helpful for Dementia?
In the initial phases, donepizil can slow cognitive decline.
Behavioural changes may be managed with antipsychotic medications.
What medications may be useful for anxiety?
Benzodiazepines are effective in the short-term but there are concerns about dependency and tolerance, so anti-depressant-class drugs or beta blockers (e.g. propranolol / atenolol) are often used.
What medications may be useful for major depression?
Tricyclic antidepressants (eg amitriptyline)
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (eg sertraline, citalopram, fluoxetine)
Mirtazapine (targets the noradrenaline system)
Others with combined effects (desvenlafaxine)
Agomelatine (Valdoxan) targets the melatonin system
What medications may be useful for OCD?
Anti-depressants, particularly clomipramine (tricyclic antidepressant)
What medications may be useful for schizophrenia?
Antipsychotic medications
Mood stabilisers may be added in treatment-resistant cases
What medications may be useful for alcohol dependence?
Acamprosate (Campral) or Naltrexone
What medications may be useful for opioid dependence?
Naltrexone, buprenorphine (Suboxone) or Methadone
Family systems therapy considers the family as an emotional unit and attempts to evaluate..
The parts of the system (patterns, connections and processes) in relation to the whole.
In family systems therapy, consider the ____ of parents and children rather than the linear causality (A causes B).
Reciprocal interactions
What does gestalt therapy focus on?
Gestalt therapy focuses on the skills and techniques that permit an individual to be more aware of their feelings. According to this approach, it is much more important to understand what and how clients are feeling, rather than to identify what is causing their feelings.
What does client-centered therapy involve?
Provides a supportive environment in which clients can re-establish their true identity.
What is the goal of client-centred therapy?
To increase the congruence between self & experience through a process of integration. Rodgers conceptualises the reintegration of self & experience as emerging from the therapeutic relationship.
What are the four techniques of MI?
Express Empathy
Develop Discrepancy
Dodge Discord
Support Self efficacy
What are the four parts of the ‘spirit’ of MI?
- Partnership (or collaboration)
- Acceptance
- Compassion
- Evocation
Check your understanding of therapists’ goals by matching various therapies with the appropriate description.
Principal therapeutic goals
- Elimination of maladaptive behaviours or symptoms
- Acceptance of genuine self, personal growth
- Recovery of unconscious conflicts, character reconstruction
- Detection and reduction of negative thinking
- Behaviour therapy
- Client-centered therapy
- Psychoanalysis
- Cognitive therapy
What is IPT effective at treating (4 things)?
Evidence that is effective in treating depression, anxiety disorders, borderline personality disorder and eating disorders.
When doing solutions focused therapy, little attention is given to….
Diagnosis, history taking or exploring the emergence of the problem.
In solutions focused therapy, assessment is focussed on… (3 things)
Helping clients to visualise how they would like their lives to be
Identifying times at which the solution (or part of it) has already happened
Figuring out what is needed to make the solution happen and keep happening
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What are coping questions in SFT?
Coping questions help clients to recognise their own resiliency and identify the skills and resources they already are using to manage their problem(s). They also help avoid the tendency for clients to relinquish control/agency of their situation to the therapist.
What are exception questions in SFT?
Exception questions elicit times when the problem is not happening, is better, and/or could happen but did not. This also helps identify circumstances in which the problem either holds no power or has diminished power over the client’s moods/thoughts
What does psychodynamic therapy emphasise?
It emphasises on uncovering painful past events and understanding how these experiences were interpreted, through their cognitions, affects, fantasies and action.
Transference is a core concept that is used in psychodynamic therapy, and refers to….
The reconstruction of the client’s past experiences that are transferred onto the relationship with the therapist.
What is psychodynamic therapy effective at treating?
L1, 2, 3 evidence
Level 3 evidence - Substance use disorder Level 2 evidence - Generalised anxiety - Social anxiety - Anorexia nervosa - Somatisation - Borderline personality disorder Level 1 evidence - Depression
What is ‘externalising the problem’ in narrative therapy?
Separating self from the problem and instead considering the relationship with the problem – the problem becomes the antagonist of the story – “the person is not the problem, the problem is the problem”
What is ‘re-authoring identity’ in narrative therapy?
The story of a person’s identity determines what they think is possible for themselves. The focus in narrative therapy is on helping the client to create stories about themselves and their identities that are helpful to them through the process of identifying the history of values in their lives.
In SFT, questions will be ___-oriented.
Future
What is evidence-based treatment for ADHD in children?
Behavioural therapy (6–18 years), FI (3–15 years)
After assessment and formulation, the next step would be ______, then you would discuss therapeutic options or referral.
Psychoeducation
How would you best check your understanding with a client?
Paraphrase
What are the step in skills training (4 steps)?
(1) Explain the skill to the person
(2) show the skill to the client
(3) ask the client to show the skill to you so you can give them feedback
(4) discuss what happened in the role play.
