Intervention Modalities and Treatment of Mental Illness Flashcards
What are the major areas of the brain?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Limbic System
Brain Stem
What is the function of the Cerebrum?
Also known as the cortex, is responsible for for higher brain functions such as thought and action
What is the function of the Cerebellum?
Also know as the little brain, it is responsible for regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance.
What is the the Limbic System?
This system, also known as the emotional brain, contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus
What is the function of the Brain Stem?
This structure is responsible for basic vital life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
Define Serotonin
a neurotransmitter found only in the brain
Define Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA),
an amino acid, is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and has been found to modulate other neurotransmitter systems rather than to provide a direct stimulus (
Define Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)
neurologic side effects of antipsychotic medications that are drug and dose related; treated with anticholinergic medication; includes dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia
Define Dopamine
a neurotransmitter located primarily in the brain stem; has been found to be involved in the control of complex movements, motivation, cognition, and regulation of emotional responses
Define Epinephrine
derivative of norepinephrine, the most prevalent neurotransmitter in the nervous system, located primarily in the brain stem, and plays a role in changes in attention, learning and memory, sleep and wakefulness, and mood regulation
Define Neurotransmitters
the chemical substances manufactured in the neuron that aid in the transmission of information throughout the body
Define Norepinephrine
the most prevalent neurotransmitter in the nervous system
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Ability to think & plan
*Stability of personality
* Insight
*Inhibition of primitive emotional responses
Motor aspects of both written & spoken speech
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Receiving & identifying sensory information
Memory association
Proprioception
Sensory Speech
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Vision (Visual hallucinations)
Visual speech
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Hearing (auditory hallucinations) Complex memory Emotion (difficulty recognizing & controlling) Gender identity Production of speech Analysis of speech Dejà vu
What is the hippocampus responsible for?
learning and memory
converting short term memory to long term memory
recalling spatial relationships
What is the hypothalamus responsible for?
homeostasis emotion thirst hunger circadian rhythms controls the autonomic nervous system and the pituitary
What is the thalamus responsible for?
sensory and motor functions
all sensory information (except smell) synapses here before it is relayed to the cerebral cortex.
What is the amygdala responsible for?
memory
emotion
fear
What is the mid-brain responsible for?
vision
hearing
eye movement
voluntary motor movement
What is the pons responsible for?
motor control sensory analysis level of consciousness sleep movement posture
What is the medulla responsible for?
maintaining vital body functions; such as breathing and heartrate
What is the theory of neurobiologic causes of mental illness and what does the research prove?
genetics and heredity
–Although some genetic links have been found in certain mental disorders, studies have not shown that these illnesses are solely genetically linked.
psychoimmunology (stress and the immune system)
–So far, efforts to link a specific stressor with a specific disease have been unsuccessful. However, the immune system and the brain can influence neurotransmitters.
Infection
–Some researchers are focusing on infection as a cause of mental illness, but so far, no testing or research has provided specific or conclusive evidence.
Which primary neurotransmitter(s) is affected by Typical/Atypical anti-psychotics?
Dopamine
Which primary neurotransmitter(s) is affected by Tricyclic antidepressants?
Norepinephrine and Serotonin
Which primary neurotransmitter(s) is affected by Monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
the MAO enzyme that metabolizes Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Serotonin
Which primary neurotransmitter(s) is affected by Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors?
Serotonin
Which primary neurotransmitter(s) is affected by Anticholinesterase drugs?
inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes acetylcholine
Which primary neurotransmitter(s) is affected by Antianxiety agents?
GABA
What are common barriers to maintaining medication regimens?
Access to health care Health insurance and cost Feel as though medications are no longer needed Education level Language barriers Cultural barriers
What is the criteria that must be met for the involuntary admission of a client?
Threat to self or others
Has injured self or others
Is making decisions that are harmful to self or others
What is the criteria that must be met for the voluntary admission client to leave against medical advice (AMA)?
They must be competent and no danger to self or others
