Intervention Evaluation Flashcards
What are the 3 broad types of Intervention Evaluation?
- Outcome evaluations
- Process evaluation
- Economic evaluation
Intervention Evaluation:
What is an outcome evaluation?
Evaluating if the intervention changed the behaviour it targeted.
Intervention Evaluation:
Key aspects of outcome evaluations:
- Randomized control trials (RCTs)
- Effect size
- Drop out rates
- Consider what the control group received (implications for results)
- Detailed scientific reporting
Intervention Evaluation:
What is a process evaluation?
Evaluating how the intervention worked.
- If it did, how?
- If not, why?
Intervention Evaluation:
Key aspects of process evaluations:
- Mechanisms of change; how to measure changes
- Intervention delivery; management, implementation, fidelity
- Individual differences
- Pilot study vs RCT
What does RE-AIM Framework stand for?
R - reach the target population E - effectiveness//efficacy A - adoption by target I - implementation consistency M - maintenance of intervention
Social causation hypothesis:
low SES causes ill-health (more research support for this one)
Social drift hypothesis:
ill-health causes low SES
Social network -
- the presence or absence of social ties
- the total number and type of social relationships we have
3 main types of social support:
- Emotional
- Instrumental
- Informational
For social support, _______ is key.
For social support, QUALITY is key.
This Lazarus’ _____________ Theory:
——————-Reappraisal——————–
Person-Environment transaction —> Cognitive Appraisal (primary//secondary) Coping —> Stress/ Emotion Outcome
Lazurus’ TRANSACTIONAL Theory.
Coping is the process of __________ changing _________ and ___________ efforts used to manage ________ external and/or internal _______ that are _________ as ______ or _________ one’s resources.
Coping is the process of CONSTANTLY changing COGNITIVE and BEHAVIOURAL efforts used to manage SPECIFIC external and/or internal DEMANDS that are APPRAISED as TAXING or EXCEEDING one’s resources.
________ coping is a coping function, where we _______ try to do something about the ________.
APPROACH coping is a coping function, where we ACTIVELY try to do something about the STRESSOR.
_________ coping is a coping function, where we do things to try and get ____ from the ________.
AVOIDANCE coping is a coping function, where we do things to try and get AWAY from the STRESSOR.
____-________ coping is where we take ______ steps toward _________ the ______.
TASK-ORIENTED coping is where we take DIRECT steps toward MANAGING the DEMAND.
___________-________ coping is where we ______ our _________ elsewhere.
DISTRACTION-ORIENTED coping is where we DIRECT our ATTENTION elsewhere.
_____________-________ coping is where we do something to ________ from the ________.
DISENGAGEMENT-ORIENTED coping is where we do something to withdraw from the stressor.
Coping: _______ Appraisal: the individual _________ the potential ____, loss, threat, or ________ imposed by the ________; what’s at _____.
Coping: PRIMARY Appraisal: the individual ASSESSING the potential HARM, loss, threat, or CHALLENGE imposed by the STRESSOR; what’s at STAKE.
Coping: _________ Appraisal: the individual ________ the coping options and _________ available; what can be ____.
Coping: SECONDARY Appraisal: the individual EVALUATES the coping options and RESOURCES available; what can be DONE.
Macro-analytical coping = Coping ________.
- Categorizes coping efforts into broad categories that capture the ________ or ____ for the coping.
Examples: _______-focused coping, _______-focused coping, ________ coping.
Macro-analytical coping = Coping FUNCTION.
- Categorizes coping efforts into broad categories that capture the FUNCTION or GOAL for the coping.
Examples: PROBLEM-focused coping, EMOTION-focused coping, AVOIDANCE coping.
Micro-analytical coping = specific coping __________.
- Categorization according to what _______ is being ____.
Examples: venting, crying, wishful thinking, drinking, dropout, exercising, planning
Micro-analytical coping = Specific coping STRATEGIES.
- Categorization according to what EXACTLY is being DONE.
Examples: venting, crying, wishful thinking, drinking, dropout, exercising, planning
Sources of Self-Efficacy:
- _______ experiences; having a successful experience at the task
- _________ experiences; seeing a similar other succeed
- ______ persuasion; providing information, encouragement
- __________ of physiological and _________ states; physiological arousal - harder to change; mental skills
Sources of Self-Efficacy:
- MASTERY experiences; having a successful experience at the task
- VICARIOUS experiences; seeing a similar other succeed
- VERBAL persuasion; information, encouragement
- PERCEPTION of physiological and AFFECTIVE states; physiological arousal - harder to change; mental skills
Motivation: Basically, it’s the desire to pursue a ____.
Motivation definition: the ________ processes that produce the _________, strength/_________, and ___________ of a behaviour.
Motivation: Basically, it’s the desire to pursue a GOAL.
Motivation definition: the INTERNAL processes that produce the DIRECTION, strength/INTENSITY, and persistence of a behaviour.
Motivation components:
_________ of effort - whether an individual seeks out/approaches situations.
Motivation components:
DIRECTION of effort - whether an individual seeks out/approaches situations.
Motivation components:
_________ of effort - how much effort an individual puts forth in a situation.
Motivation components:
INTENSITY of effort - how much effort an individual puts forth in a situation.
Motivation components:
___________ - maintaining intensity over a continuous period.
Motivation components:
INTENSITY - maintaining intensity over a continuous period.
Intervention Evaluation:
What is an Economic evaluation?
Evaluating the cost of the intervention for a given degree of effectiveness.
Reciprocal Determinism is the _______ and reciprocal interaction of ______, ___________, and _________.
________ factors (cognitive, affective, and biological).
_____________ factors.
_________.
Reciprocal Determinism is the DYNAMIC and reciprocal interaction of PERSON, ENVIRONMENT, AND BEHAVIOUR.
PERSONAL factors (cognitive, affective, and biological)
ENVIRONMENTAL factors.
BEHAVIOUR.
Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s _______ to successfully _______ or accomplish tasks in a ________ situation to obtain a _______ outcome.
Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ABILITY to successfully PERFORM or accomplish tasks in a SPECIFIC situation to obtain a DESIRED outcome.
Implementation intention is an environmental _____ or ___ to ______ to determine when an ______ should be taken.
-it is a specific _____ to remind us.
Implementation intention is an environmental PROMPT or CUE to ACTION to determine when an ACTION should be taken.
-it is a specific PROMT to remind us.
Gate Control Theory of Pain
- a ‘gatelike’ mechanism modulates the __________ of pain from ______ impulses.
- it is based in physiology, but also attempts to explain how __________ can impact the __________ of pain.
Gate Control Theory of Pain
- a ‘gatelike’ mechanism modulates the EXPERIENCE of pain from NEURAL impulses.
- it is based in physiology, but also attempts to explain how PSYCHOLOGY can impact the PERCEPTION of pain.
Gate Control Theory of Pain:
- “Opening” the gate _________ pain sensations.
- “Closing” the gate _________ pain sensations.
Gate Control Theory of Pain:
- “Opening” the gate INCREASES pain sensations.
- “Closing” the gate DECREASES pain sensations.
Gate Control Theory of Pain: 2 Pathways
________ Pathway - towards CNS from periphery
________ Pathway - away from CNS to periphery
Gate Control Theory of Pain: 2 Pathways
AFFERENT Pathway - towards CNS from periphery
EFFERENT Pathway - away from CNS to periphery
Allostatic load is the long-term impact of ______.
Allostatic load is the long-term impact of STRESS.
Allostatic load:
- when we encounter a ________ we have a physiological response; allostasis
- when the ________ is gone, the __________ response ends. If it doesn’t end or is repeated over a prolonged period this is __________ load.
Allostatic load:
- when we encounter a STRESSOR we have a physiological response; allostasis
- when the STRESSOR is gone, the ALLOSTATIC response ends. If it doesn’t end or is repeated over a prolonged period this is ALLOSTATIC load.
Allostatic Load: 4 Types
- ________ “hits” - stressor after stressor with normal response (peak) and they go back down but go right back up right away.
- causes ‘wear and tear’ on the stress response system
Allostatic Load: 4 Types
- REPEATED “hits” - stressor after stressor with normal response (peak) and they go back down but go right back up right away.
- causes ‘wear and tear’ on the stress response system
Allostatic Load: 4 Types
- Lack of __________ - stress response fails to fully recover between ‘hits’ and a person never gets habituated to stressors
- big stress response every time the stressor is present (varsity athlete example: stress response should go down with experience but is the same as first game they played)
Allostatic Load: 4 Types
- Lack of ADAPTATION - stress response fails to fully recover between ‘hits’ and a person never gets habituated to stressors
-big stress response every time the stressor is present
(varsity athlete example: stress response should go down with experience but it is the same as first game they played)
Allostatic Load: 4 Types
- _________ response - the stress response stays continuously on high, long after the stressor is gone.
Allostatic Load: 4 Types
- PROLONGED response - the stress response stays continuously on high, long after the stressor is gone.
Allostatic Load: 4 Types
- __________ response - too much stress can result in the inability to respond normally to stress in the future.
Allostatic Load: 4 Types
- INADEQUATE response - too much stress can result in the inability to respond normally to stress in the future.
