interval 2

Question 1

2 components of the pleura

Answer 1

1) parietal pleura

2) visceral pleura

Question 2

what does the parietal pleura line?

Answer 2

thoracic wall (costal pleura), superior part of the diaphragm (diaphragmatic pleura), and the mediastinum (mediastinal pleura)

Question 3

where are the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura continuous?

Answer 3

the root of each lung

Question 4

cupola?

Answer 4

cervical parietal pleura that extends into the root of the neck superior to the medial one third of the clavicle and the first rib

Question 5

pleural cavity?

Answer 5

potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura; contains a small amount of serous fluid (permits visceral pleura and underlying lung to glide against the parietal pleura during respiration)

Question 6

what happens during inspiration?

Answer 6

skeletal muscles contact and create a transient negative pressure in the pleural cavity by inc. volume of thorax; negative pressure is transferred to the lungs, lungs will with air

Question 7

3 recesses in the pleural cavity?

Answer 7

recesses are potential spaces in the plural cavity at points where the visceral pleura and underlying lung do not completely fill the pleural cavity during inspiration

1) costodiaphragmatic: diaphragmatic pleura is in contact with the costal pleura
2) costomediastinal recess: costal pleura is in contact with the mediastinal pleura

Question 8

lingula

Answer 8

projection of the upper lobe of the left lung that fills the costomediastinal recess during maximum inspiration

Question 9

what innervates the costal pareital pleura?

Answer 9

intercostal nerves

Question 10

what innervates the mediastinal pleura and most of the diaphragmatic pleura?

Answer 10

phrenic nerve

Question 11

is parietal pleura sensistive to pain?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

what innervates the visceral pleura?

Answer 12

sensory nerves that course with autonomic nerves

Question 13

is the visceral pleura sensitive to pain?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

what is pleuritis?

Answer 14

during pleuritis or pleurisy, the visceral or parietal pleura is inflamed and may become rough; adhesions between these two layers may result
during respiration, friction created by the adhesions may be audible as a pleural rub
patients with costal pleurisy may experience sharp pain localized over the adhesion site that increases with inspiration
patients with mediatsinal or diaphragmatic plruisy may have pain that is referred over the C3-C5 dermatomes in the supraclavicular region