Interspecific relationships Flashcards
What is a community
All species /living organisms found in a particular location and interact with each other in a variety of ways
Name 6 interspecific relationships
Competition-
Commensalism
Herbivory
Mutalism
Predation
Parasitism
What’s a predation relationship
One animal species eats members of another animal species
What’s herbivory relationship
An animal species eats part of a plant species
What’s competition relationship
Members of different species compete for the same resources
What’s parasitism relationship
member of 1 species lives on (or inside )members of another species feeding off them
What’s a mutualistic relationship
2 species provide each other with different resources and both benefit
What’s commensalism relationship
1 species benefits from or aids another species , while not being affected itself
What is competition and when does it exist
Competition exists when organisms need the same resources that are scarce .
NAme 2 types of competition
Interspecific and intraspecific
What is interspecific competition
Competition between members of DIFFERENT species
What is interspecific competition
Competition between members of the SAME species
What is Gause’s Law
No 2 species can occupy the same niche indefinitely in the same habitat
What is another name for Gause’s law
Principle of competitive exclusion
What 3 types of interspecific relationships display exploitation
Parasitism, Herbivory,Predatation
What has co=evolution allowed to be evolved between species
Partnerships which both species benefit
What is a Actogram
Graphical representation of an organisms activity during a day
What is an Auxin
A plants growth hormone that promotes growth by cell enlargement/elongaton in a plants shoots and germinating seeds
What is Batesian mimicry
A harmless organism copies the pattern of a dangerous organism to get protection
What is the biological clock
The mechanism that produces regular periodic changes in behaviour or physiology due to an internal clock
What is chemotaxis
The DIRECTIONAL movement of an ANIMAL in response to CHEMICALS in the environment - ie female mosquito follow carbon dioxide gradient toward their prey
What is circa
Rhythm of about …. eg circadian ( about a day ) etc
What is a circadian rhythm
Behaviour of an organism which is approx. 24hrs a solar day
What is a circa lunar rhythm
Behaviour of an organism which is approx. 29.5 days the approx cycle of a lunar month
What is a circannular rhythm
Behaviour of an organism which is approx. 365.25 days the approx cycle of a solar year
What is a circatidal rhythm
Behaviour of an organism which is approx. 12.5 hrs the approx cycle of the tides
How many days in a circaluna rhythm
29.5 days
How many hours make a circatidal rhythm
12.5hrs
How many hours make a circadian rhythm
Approx 24hrs
What is commensalism
interaction/relatioship between 2 animal or plant species that live together in which one species benefits from the association while the other is not significantly affected (+/0) ( ie Ecoli in human gut )
what is a community
all living plants and animals living in a defined area
what is competition
The interaction/relationship between 2 or more organisms, populations or species that share some environmental resources when this is in short supply. Both animal s are harmed ( -,-)
Complex hierarchy
A social structure in which each animal has a relative position of dominance eg baboons
what is cooperative breeding
A breeding system in which members of an extended family ( usually older offspring from the same parents ) all help in the raring of offspring ( ie Pukekohe nest in communal groups and other Pukekohe help parents raise the young )
What is cooperative defence
When members of a group combine their strengths to defend against predators eg Siberian musk ox form a protective circles around their young when threatened by a predator
What is courtship behaviour
Behaviour in animals that plays a part in the initial attraction of a mate or as a prelude to mating .These are often species specific
What are Crepuscular animals
Animals that are active at dawn and dusk
What are Day neutral plants
A plant in which flowering can occur irrespective of the day length
What is dominance
Behaviour shown in an individual that is higher in a heirachy then the individual its relating with
What does endogenous mean
Rhythm controlled by an INTERNAL biological clock due to their DNA, independent of external stimuli
What is entrainment
Resetting the biological clock due to rhythmic environmental influences on a regular basis ,forcing it to take up the new period of the environmental cycle
What are environmental cues
Change in theEXTERNAL environment that triggers a change in Behaviour or physiology
What is exploitation
Interaction between species in which 1 benefits by using the other as a source of food or shelter (+,-)
What is a free running period
Period of a biological rhythm that is free running ,proceeds independently of external environmental clues/changes
What is geotaxis
Directional movement of an animal in response to gravity eg shell fish burrow down into sand exhibiting +ve tropism ( can be +ve -toward or -ve - away from )
What is geotropism
DIRECTIONAL growth of a Plant organs in response to gravity
What is herbivorism
Form of exploration where 1 animal eats a plant (+,-)