INTERPSONAL SCHOOL Flashcards
INTRODUCTION
Psychodynamic theory: libidinal energies and intrapsychic conflicts
Social beings
Psychopathology: unfortunate tendencies with our interpersonal environment
Chief impact on relationships with other people
ALFRED ADLER (INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY)
One basic desire and goal: to belong and to feel significant
Social interest: innate potential for social connectedness which has to be developed
Compensate for their perceived inferiority to others
Feelings may derive from…
Unrealistic goal of exaggerated significance or superiority over others
ERIC FROMM (ESCAPE FROM FREEDOM)
Scrutinized Freud’s work
Escape from freedom, first major publication
Quote
Three escapes from freedom: authoritarianism, destructiveness and automaton conformity
KAREN HORNEY (BASIC ANXIETY)
Rejected psychodynamic theories of sexuality and instinct orientation
Founding feminist psychology vs penis envy
Femininity: culturally determined social learning; inherent gender differences to society and culture rather than biology
Problems root in “basic anxiety”: not reared in accepting environments
Diminishing discrepancies between real and ideal self: therapy
Ten patterns of neurotic needs
ERIK ERIKSON (LIFE STAGE VIRTUE)
later
HARRY STACK SULLIVAN (HUMAN ENVIRONMENT)
American psychologist
Interpersonal contributions to contemporary society
Based on interpersonal relationships which contribute to the development of human personality
Anxiety and other problems: conflict between people and their environment
Personality development: series of interactions with other people
Concept of personality: defined in terms of an individual’s characteristic form of relating to others.
Personality development: progressed through various stages with different patterns of interpersonal relationships.
Example
Failure to progress: maladaptive behaviour
Shaping the self concept: others’ appraisal
Anxiety and insecurity in adulthood
Self system: security measure against anxiety
Protective measures and supervisory controls over behaviour
Security behaviour sanctions certain behaviour and forbids others
Psychotherapeutic methodology: disorders from interpersonal failures
Genuine effort to improve the patient’s skills in dealing with others
SOCIAL EXCHANGE AND ROLES
Thibaut and Kelly and Homans Form relationships for selfish needs Exchange takes place Bad bargain: work out a compromise or simply terminate the relationship Role expectations
CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS
The attribution theory: Heider, weary and mirels
Process of assigning causes to things that happen
Attribute external causes or assume them to be internal
Assumed to exist as underlying realities
Help in explaining behaviour
Form the basis of continuing evaluation and expectations
COMMUNICATION AND INTERPERSONAL ACCOMMODATION
Process where two people develop patterns of communication and interaction that enable them to achieve similar goals, meet mutual needs and build a satisfying relationship
People use cues: verbal and nonverbal
Sullivan: faulty communication is common, family interactions on emotional level
Other adjustments: determining mutually satisfying role expectations, resolving disagreements constructively and dealing adequately with external demands.
