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Metabolism, Endocrinology And Haematology > Interpreting Full Blood Count > Flashcards

Interpreting Full Blood Count Flashcards

1
Q

What can a normal range change with ?

A
  • age
  • sex
  • ethnicity
  • co morbidities
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2
Q

What are the 4 types of errors that can occur in pathology results?

A

1) specimen collection
2) delivery of specimen to lab

3( specimen analysis and result reporting

4) responsive action

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3
Q

What are ways errors can occur in specimen collection ?

A

1) wrong bottle
2) pooling samples
3) poor technique
4) specimen mix up

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4
Q

What are ways errors can occur in delivery of specimen to lab ?

A

1) specimen delayed or not even delivered

2) wrong delivery method

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5
Q

What are ways errors can occur during specimen analysis and result reporting ?

A

1) specimen mixing up
2) incorrect clinical details
3) wrong test requested
4) technical error

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6
Q

What are ways errors can occur during the response action ?

A
  • reflex tests not carried out
  • result not reviewed
  • right result applied to wrong patient
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7
Q

What do you do as a clinical if you get an abnormal or unexpected result ?

A

Repeat

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8
Q

What is a full blood count

A

Term used to refer to a panel of tests routinely performed on a blood sample in order to determine whether or not there are any haematological abnormalities present.

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9
Q

Where must blood samples for full blood count be placed in ?

A
  • they must be placed in a tube containing EDTA and mixed.
  • EDTA chelates Ca2+ and therefore acts as an anticoagulant. Without the chelating agent , the blood sample would clog and be useless for analysis.
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10
Q

What are three full blood count analyser techniques ?

A

1) spectrophotometrey
2) flow cytometry
3) flow cytometry differential

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11
Q

Outline the method of spectrophotometry

A
  • the amount of light absorbed by the sample is proportional to amount of absorbant compound within it.
  • this is used to measure HB
  • hypotonic solution used to lyse cells
  • use light of appropriate wavelength
  • use calibration curve to determine sample conc
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12
Q

Outline method of flow cytometry

A
  • hydrodynamic focussing of a single file line of cells which pass through a light beam
  • the more scatter there is , the bigger the size of the cell
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13
Q

What is flow cytometry differential analyser technique

A
  • forward scatter indicates size

- but side scatter indicates intracellular complexity or mono/polymorphonuclear

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14
Q

Define packed cell volume ( PCV) / haematocrit

A

Proportion of blood that is made up of RBC

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15
Q

What is the packed cell volume / haematocrit used to identify?

A
  • anaemia

- but more often polycythemia ( slow growing blood cancer in which the body makes too much red blood cells )

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16
Q

Define haemoglobin concentration

A

Amount of hb in blood (g/L)

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17
Q

What is the reference range of HB in adult men and adult women and children and newborns ?

A

NEWBORNS- 150g/L

  • CHILDREN ; 110g/L
  • WOMEN : 115g/L
  • MEN : 135 g / L
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18
Q

What could increase the HB concentration in the blood ?

A

,

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19
Q

Would measuring HB concentration in vitro affect the actual value of HB ?

A

yes , the value would decrease because red blood cells lyse in tube

20
Q

Why would a clotted sample reduce hb?

A

Because RBC would be recruited to that clot

21
Q

Define red cell count

A

Number of red blood cells in a given volume of blood

22
Q

What is red blood cell count used to indicate ?

A

1) anaemia ( eg microcytic anaemia which is Chaucer. H reduced iron or increased thalassemia trait)
2) erythrocytosis ( an increase in red blood cells) - if detected more likely to be polycythaemia

23
Q

What is the most important parameter used to screen the cause of anaemia ?

A

Mean cell volume

24
Q

How is mean cell volume measured of RBC?

A

Measured using the amount of light scattered as they pass in a single file last a laser

25
Q

What are a few diseases that could be associated with low mean cell volume ?

A

1) iron deficiency anaemia
2) thalassaemia

3( anaemia of chronic diseases

4) lead poisoning

26
Q

What are a few diseases that are associated with high mean cell volume ?

A

1) megablastic anaemia ( B12, folate)
- liver diseases
- alcohol , smoking
- drugs especially HIV drugs

27
Q

Define mean cell haemoglobin

A

Average measure of the amount of HB in each RBC

28
Q

What is mean cell HB used in assement for ?

A

Anaemia

  • if there is a reduction in mean cell haemoglobin it is often because of iron deficiency
  • it is normal or increased in macrocytic anaemias
29
Q

Red cell distribution width

A

Variation in size of RBC

30
Q

Is red cell distribution width increases what is this an indication of ?

A
  • increased in iron deficiency

- after transfusion , there will be an increase

31
Q

Recticulocytes count

A

Measurement of the number of young erythrocytes

  • they are identified using size and RNA content
32
Q

If recticulocytes count is increased , what does this indicate ?

A

1) haemolytic anaemia
2) recent blood loss

3( recovery from bone marrow suppression

4) response to EPO

33
Q

If recticolcyte count is reduced , what does this indicate ?

A

Bone marrow failure

34
Q

When will a blood film be requested ?

A

When there is a significant result outside of the normal range

  • significant change within the normal range
35
Q

Outline the process to create a blood film

A

1) small drop of blood spread onto a glass slide ( one cell thick layer H
2) fixed with methanol
3) stained to enable visualisation under microscope

36
Q

Define microcytic

A

Small red blood cells

37
Q

Define macrocytic

A

Large red blood cells

38
Q

Define hypochromic

A

Pale , less HB

39
Q

Define hyperchromic

A

Dense , more HB in given volume

40
Q

Spherocytosis

A

Spherical RBC

41
Q

Elliptocytosis

A

Elliptical RBC

42
Q

Sickle cell

A

Crescent or sickle shaped cells

43
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Variation in size

44
Q

Dimorphism

A

Two distinct population sof red cells

45
Q

Target cells

A

RBC with dark area in the middle of the area of central pallor

46
Q

Polychromatic

A

Many colours

47
Q

Schistiocytes

A

Red cell fragments

Metabolism, Endocrinology And Haematology (23 decks)

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