Interpersonal Final Flashcards
Which of the following is not one of the social needs achieved through communication?
Nutrition
There is a strong link between interpersonal skills and …
Happiness, Cardiovascular health, and intellectual functions.
What is the difference between impersonal and interpersonal relationships?
Interpersonal relationships are those where people look at people as people while impersonal relationships are those based on roles.
The “Wild Boy of Averyon” highlights the relationship between interpersonal relationships and ….
Identify
What does it mean when we say that interpersonal relationships have intrinsic rewards?
We don’t “get anything” out of interpersonal relationships besides the relationship itself
What is the difference between the content and relationship dimensions of communication?
Content dimension is what things are said while the relationship dimension is how they’re said.
What is cognitive complexity?
The ability to see yourself from another’s perspective.
What is the difference between self-concept and self-esteem?
Self-concept is the set of beliefs you have about yourself while self-esteem is how you feel about those beliefs.
What is self-monitoring?
The ability to see yourself from another’s perspective.
What percentage of your personality is determined by biology?
50%
Social penetration theory holds that:
How deep we let people in depends on our trust in them.
How do we accept appraisals as children?
At face-value
As teenager what affects your self-concept and self-esteem most?
Inclusive or exclusive from social groups.
Anorexia is often a symptom of:
A distorted self-concept
Which of the following is not a characteristic of identity-management?
Identity management is often unnecessary.
Which of the following is not a risk of self-disclosure?
Positive Appraisals
What is the difference between individualist and collectivist societies when discussing influences on emotional expression?
Individualist societies encourage expression of negative emotions in close relationships while collectivist societies discourage them.
In general, how much more attuned to emotions are women than men?
10% to 15%
What is emotional labor?
Putting our emotions aside when it’s a bad time to express them.
A reappraisal is:
Rethinking the meaning of an emotionally charged events that alter their emotional impact.
In most situations the mind does not play an important role in determining emotional staes.
False
You can’t talk about communication without discussing emotions.
True
Emotional intelligence positively linked with self-esteem.
True
We are born as blank slates.
False
There are unspoken rules in most cultures regarding emotional expression.
True
Mindless listening is never useful.
False
We listen mindfully when messages are important to us.
True
In the listening process, the Attending stage is recalling the information after the fact.
False
The stronger attachment a person feels to a place the less likely they are to consider it’s negative aspects.
True
Feedback is our way of letting the speaker know we were listening to them.
True
Our self-concept resists change.
True
Identify management is not collaborative.
False
After age 30 our self concept can still change easily.
False
When a person is pseudo listening they are only pretending to listen.
Obsolete information does not contribute to a distorted self-concept.
Communication strategies people use to influence how they are perceived by others
Identity Management
Communication Competence
Involves achieving one’s goals in a manner that, in most cases, maintains or enhances the relationship in which it occurs.
The ability to understand and manage your own emotions while being sympathetic to the emotions of others
Emotional Intelligence
The tendency of emotions to spread from one person to another
Emotional Contagion
Which of the following is not one of the three perceptual schemes we use to organize our impressions of others?
Socioeconomic status
How do your assumptions about human behavior in general affect your interpretation of behavior?
Positive assumption lead to more sympathetic interpretation
A self serving bias has to do with:
Judging ourselves more charitably than others
The halo effect is
Our tendency to form an overall positive impression of someone based on one positive trait
Which of the following is not one of the steps in the perception process?
Reaffirmation
Difference between signs in the natural world and in human language
Natural World: every sign is directly connected to the thing it represents
Language is symbolic. Connections between words and what they symbolize is arbitrary
Difference between semantic and syntactic rules
Semantic Rules
Rules regarding what words mean. This is how we agree on what symbols mean.
Syntactic Rules
Syntax has to go with grammar -> How we organize and structure the symbols we use to communicate
Equivocation
Also called bypassing. Miscommunication that happens when words have different meanings.
Abstraction
Abstract Language -> Vague Language
Behavioral Language -> Refers to specific things people do or say
EX: “You need to have a better attitude” vs. “You need to complain less about working overtime.”
What is affiliation?
Communicators are attracted to others whose style of speaking is similar to their own
We sometimes try to show affiliation with someone by changing how we speak to match theirs – sometimes risky though.
This is called convergence
Romantic relationships tend to be more successful when there is convergence
Communicators who want to set themselves apart would use divergent language
Influence of gender on nonverbal communication
Generally, females are more nonverbally expressive – smile more, more facial expressions, touch more, increased eye contact
Male and female nonverbal comm is much more similar than it is different. We generally follow the same nonverbal rules and facial expressions match similar emotions
Nonverbal differences are less pronounced in a gay and lesbian individuals.
Illustrators
Movements that accompany speech but don’t stand on their own
Emblems
Deliberate nonverbal behavior that have precise meaning and are know to virtually everyone within cultural group
Adaptors
Unconscious bodily movements in response to the environment.
Manipulators
Are often signs of discomfort,
How is our environment a form of nonverbal comm?
How we decorate our physical environment communicates pieces of our identity to others
Environment also shapes the kind of interactions that take place in it.
6 reasons why we form attraction/ start relationship
Appearance, similarity, complimentary, reciprocal attraction, competence, disclosure, proximity
Stages of Knapps relational Model
Initiating – First stage of a relationship where you show you are interested in making contact and that you are a person worth talking to.
Experimenting – Deciding whether we are interested in pursuing the relationship further. We participate in uncertainty reduction and search for common ground. Lots of small talk. Social media has changed how we learn about people in this stage.
Intensifying – Expressions of feeling become more common. Partners begin doing favors for one another, displays of affection are more common. Feeling of excitement and even euphoria become present.
Integrating – Partners begin to take on an identity as a social unit. Social circles merge. This is a time when individuals give up some of their old selves and develop shared identity.
Bonding – Partners make symbolic public gestures to show the world that their relationship exists. There is public commitment. Can include engagement/marriage, moving in together, or some sort of written pledge.
Differentiating – the point where the “we” orientation has developed and more “me” messages begin to occur. Likely to occur when relationship experiences it’s first feelings of stress. This is a normal part of relationship maintenance.
Circumscribing – Communication between members decreases in quantity and quality. Rather than discussing disagreements, members opt for withdrawal.
Stagnation – Partners behave towards each other in old, familiar ways without much feeling. No growth occurs. The relationship is a hollow shell of its former self.
Avoiding – Partners in the relationship create physical distance between each other. Is avoidable as long as partners are willing to openly discuss their issues. Couples who repair their relationship communicate more directly and spend time negotiating solutions to their problems.
Terminating – characterized by conversations about a desire to dissociate. This stage can be quite short or it may be drawn out over time.
Autonomy v. Connection
Autonomy vs. Connection – We want to feel like individuals while at the same time we want to feel connected to another person
Openness vs. Privacy
Openness vs. Privacy – We want to be open with people and let them know about us while at the same time keeping a sense of privacy.
Predictability vs. Novelty
Predictability vs. Novelty – We want stability and to know what’s going to happen while at the same time desiring newness and excitement.
Affinity
the degree to which people like or appreciate one another. We communicate to express like or dislike of each other or their behaviors.
Immediacy
the degree of interest and attention we feel towards and communicate to others. You can really like someone but not be paying attention to them in the moment.
Respect
involves esteem. What we think about the other person. You can like someone but not respect someone and vice versa.
Control
the degree to which the parties in a relationship have the power to influence each other.
Meta communication
– messages that people exchange, verbally or nonverbally, about their relationship. Communication about communication.
Physical
Touch is important even before we’re born, and continued physical intimacy fosters healthy development
As we grow older physical intimacy becomes less frequent but just as important.
Intellectual
We develop closeness through exchanging ideas with others, talking about the things we think deeply about with someone else. Not all discussion of ideas produces closeness. Talking with your professor about class concepts won’t create a strong bond.
Emotional
Exchange of important feelings.
Sharing how we feel, and listening to how other’s feel fosters closeness. Bonding.
Shared Activities
Doing things together creates closeness, and allows for unique ways or relating to each other that can transform the relationship.
Includes everything from working together, similar hobbies, working out together, playing games.
Difference between feminine and masculine intimacy style
Women (as a group) are more willing to disclose emotions then men (as a group). Though the difference isn’t necessarily big.
Characteristics of Family Communication
Family Communication is Formative
Family communication is involuntary
Consensual Families
high conversation orientation and high conformity orientation
Ex: daughter talks openly about wanting a tattoo but decision ultimately resides with parents
Pluralistic Families
high conversation orientation and low conformity orientation
Ex: everyone discusses whether or not the tattoo is a good idea and ideally some sort of consensus would arise, decision would ultimately rest with daughter
Protective Families
Low conversation orientation and high conformity orientation
EX: There would be very little discussion about the tattoo, parents would decide and their word would be final.
Laissez Faire Families
Low conversation orientation and low conformity orientation
EX: Daughter may not even bring up the subject and just get the tattoo. Family response would more than likely be: “whatever”
High-Disclosure vs. Low-Disclosure
Some friendships don’t involve much disclosure while others seem to revolve around it.
High-Obligation vs. Low-Obligation
We’re willing to sacrifice different amounts for different friends.
Frequent Contact vs. Occasional Contact
We see/interact with some friends all the time while others we see infrequently. This does not mean you’re less or more close with them. Online communication also affect this.
Volatile
Couples have intense, heated arguments. They raise their voices and view fights as conflicts to be won.
Avoidant
Couples ignore issues and minimize disagreements. When conflicts happen, they are handled quickly and dispassionately.
Validating
Couples openly and cooperatively manage conflicts. They listen carefully and look for collaborative solutions to their problems.
Magic Ratio
5 positive interactions for every 1 negative interaction.
Languages of Love
each of us has our own notion of what counts as love. Our relationships get in trouble when we fail to recognize that our way of expressing love doesn’t match our partners. Words of Affirmation Quality Time Gifts Acts of Service Physical Touch
