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Interpersonal Attraction > Interpersonal Attraction > Flashcards

Interpersonal Attraction Flashcards

1
Q

Need to Belong

A

A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing positive interactions

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2
Q

Factors leading to Friendship and Attraction

A
  • Proximity
  • Similarity
  • Reciprocity
  • Relationship rewards
  • Physical attractiveness
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3
Q

Proximity

A

-Geographical nearness; “functional distance” predicts liking

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4
Q

Functional Distance

A

How often people cross paths with one another

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5
Q

Being in Proximity to someone:

A
  1. Increases the likelihood of positive interaction

2. Breeds familiarity (and familiarity breeds liking)

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6
Q

The Mere Exposure Effect

A

The tendency for stimuli to be liked more after repeated exposure to it over time

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7
Q

Similarity

A
  • We prefer those who share our demographic attitudes, beliefs, interests and opinions
  • Little evidence for complementarity (the notion that we seek out relationships where each completes what is missing in the other)
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8
Q

Reciprocal Liking

A
  • We like those who like us
  • Discovering that an appealing person likes you awakens romantic feelings in your whereby you start to like the person back
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9
Q

Relationship Rewards: Reward Theory of Attraction

A

-Theorizes that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us or whom we associate with rewarding events

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10
Q

Relationship Rewards: Cost-Reward Analysis

A

If a relationship gives us more rewards than costs, we will like the person more and wish the relationship to continue

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11
Q

Relationship Rewards:

Good Feelings

A

We like those people we associate with good feelings and positive events
“I like Carol because of the way I feel when I’m around her.”

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12
Q

Physical Attractiveness

A
  • Men value physical attractiveness in the opposite sex somewhat more than women.
  • Women value character and personality traits in the opposite sex somewhat more than men.
  • Women also value resources more than men.
  • Women also value physical attractiveness, they just put less emphasis on it as men.
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13
Q

Matching Phenomenon

A

Tendency for men and women to choose partners who are “good match” in terms of attractiveness and other traits (We tend to stay in our own league)

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14
Q

Matching Phenomenon: Negative Traits

A

Low physical attractiveness or age can be compensated for through other qualities (income, resources, education, personality, etc.) thus making an equitable match

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15
Q

What is Beauty?

A

Although there is some variation across cultures, there is a strong agreement as to what constitutes an “attractive” person

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16
Q

Attractive Men

A
  • Youthfulness
  • Smooth skin
  • Symmetrical face
  • Tapering V-shaped physique
  • Height
17
Q

Attractive Women

A
  • Youthfulness
  • Smooth skin
  • Symmetrical face (healthy, good genes)
  • Hourglass figure, waist a third narrower than the hips
18
Q

Physical Attractiveness Stereotype

A

The presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits (kind, outgoing, funny, successful, etc.)
-Also called the “what is beautiful is good stereotype”

19
Q

Stereotyping Beautiful People

A
  • Attractive people tend to have better social skills!
  • They have more people approaching them and engaging with them in social situations
  • Also some evidence that attractive people tend to be slightly more relaxed and outgoing in social situations
20
Q

Sternberg’s Love Triangle

A

1st: Intimacy
2nd: Passion
3rd: Commitment
=Consummate Love

21
Q

Passionate Love

A
  • A state of intense longing for union with another

- Deeply absorbed in one another and feel ecstatic about attaining their partner’s love and affection

22
Q

Companionate Love

A

Deep affectionate attachment toward those whom our lives are deeply intertwined (warmth, dependability)
-Steady, warm afterglow after passionate love has faded; thrills and intensity has died down

23
Q

“Rickety bridge” study (Dutton and Aron)

A
  • Applied Schacter’s Two Factor Theory of Emotion to Feelings of Attraction
  • Source of physiological arousal can be misattributed (My pulse is beating faster, I must really like this person)
24
Q

Passion! Arousal! Bridges!

A
  • More men called the research assistant when they were on the high bridge.
  • Arousal led to accentuated romantic response
  • Misattributed the source of the arousal to the woman
  • Intensified and amplified the men’s response
25
Q

Close Relationships: Factors

A
  • Attachment Style
  • Equity
  • Self-Disclosure
26
Q

Attachment Style: Secure

A

Baby cries when the mom leaves but then will be happy when the mom comes back & then goes back to exploring the room.
-Attachments rooted in trust and marked by intimacy and sharing.

27
Q

Attachment Style: Anxious-Ambivalent

A

Baby doesn’t like exploring the new room. Sad when mom leaves and then when mom comes back, the baby is still crying and upset.
-Attachments marked by a sense of one’s own unworthiness, anxiety and doubt when can lead to possessiveness and jealousy (also called “Preoccupied attachment”)

28
Q

Attachment Style: Avoidant

A

Baby doesn’t have much stress. Parent is too inconsistent.
-Relationship style marked by distrust of others (dismissive attachment) and/or by fear of rejection (fearful attachment)

29
Q

Equity

A
  • A condition in which the outcomes people receive from a relationship are proportional to what they put into the relationship (efforts you’re putting into the relationship are worth it-the ratio between the benefits and the cost)
  • Person who isn’t doing much work but is receiving love from the other person, that person is being over benefited
  • Relationships tend to be stronger when it is equitable
  • Note that equitable outcomes need not always be equal outcomes!
30
Q

Self-Disclosure

A

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others (self-disclose in the right moment, in the right time)

  • As relationships grow, partners reveal more and more of themselves to each other
  • Allows relationship to grow, deepen and become more intimate
31
Q

Overlapping of Selves

A
  • You and your partner as one
  • Eventually you won’t be able to understand how you can live without this person.
  • Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS) Scale
32
Q

Divorce

A

People usually stay married if they:

  • Married after age 20
  • Dated for a long while before marriage
  • Enjoy stable income from a good job
  • Live in a small town or on a farm
33
Q

Responses to Relationship Distress

A

Constructive/Passive: Loyalty: Await improvement
Constructive/Active: Voice concerns, seek to improve relationship
Destructive/Passive: Ignore your partner
Destructive/Active: Exit: End the relationship
-It’s not the distress or the arguments that predict divorce/breakups, it’s the cold, disillusioned, and neglectful responses to the distress (how the people respond to the fights, arguments, tension, etc.)

Interpersonal Attraction (1 decks)

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