Interparticle Interactions Flashcards
To explore the different types of intermolecular forces (London forces, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding) and understand how these forces influence the physical properties of substances like boiling points and solubility.
What are London dispersion forces?
Think about weak attractions present in all molecules.
Weak attractions caused by momentary dipoles in molecules.
London forces are present in all substances but are the only intermolecular forces in nonpolar molecules.
What is hydrogen bonding?
Focus on a special type of dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen.
A strong dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen and N, O, or F.
Hydrogen bonding occurs due to high electronegativity of N, O, F.
Water molecules (H₂O) exhibit hydrogen bonding, giving water its high boiling point.
What are dipole-dipole forces?
Think about forces between polar molecules.
Attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another.
Molecules like hydrogen chloride (HCl) exhibit dipole-dipole interactions due to their permanent dipoles.
What is the primary type of intermolecular force in nonpolar molecules?
ocus on nonpolar molecules and their intermolecular attractions.
London dispersion forces.
These are the weakest type of intermolecular forces, but they increase in strength with larger molecules.
How does hydrogen bonding affect boiling points?
Intermolecular forces influence the temperature needed to change states.
Hydrogen bonding raises the boiling point.
Water’s high boiling point compared to other small molecules is due to the strong hydrogen bonds between its molecules.
