Interparticle interactions Flashcards
Review the way in which particles interact with each other.
Which interparticle interaction occurs in nonpolar molecules?
Only London forces
This is because they do not have a permanent dipole.
Which are the types of interparticle interactions?
- London forces
- Dipole - Dipole
- Dipole - Induced dipole
- Hydrogen bonding
London (dispersion forces): Weak, temporary attractions caused by random shifts in electron clouds, present in all molecules.
Dipole-Dipole: Attractions between permanent dipoles in polar molecules.
Dipole-Induced Dipole: A permanent dipole in one molecule induces a temporary dipole in a nearby nonpolar molecule.
Hydrogen Bonding: A strong dipole-dipole attraction between a hydrogen atom (bonded to N, O, or F) and a nearby electronegative atom.
Which is the strongest interparticle interaction?
Hydrogen bonding
This interaction involves a partial sharing of the free electrons in an atom (N, O or F) with an H, which is why it is the strongest.
Are the interparticle interactions attractive or repulsive?
They are attractive.
The physical nature of interparticle interactions arises from electrostatic forces. Dipoles attract each other by their opposite charged parts.
Which has strongest interparticle interactions: water or carbon dioxide?
water
This is because carbon dioxide has only London forces (which is the weaker one) while water has dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding interactions.
