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Computer Networking 2 > Internetworking - PL > Flashcards

Internetworking - PL Flashcards

1
Q

that’s connected using a hub, which is basically just an antiquated device that connects wires together.

A

Local Area Network

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2
Q

Dividing a large network into smaller segments to improve performance and security.

A

Network Segmentation

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3
Q

Break up broadcast domains efficiently.

A

Router

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4
Q

Allow communication between different networks.

A

Router

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5
Q

Provide connections to Wide Area Network (WAN) services.

A

Router

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6
Q

Forwards or filters frames using logical addressing.

A

Packet Switching

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7
Q

Filters network traffic based on Layer 3 (Network layer) info like IP addresses.

A

Packet Filthering

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8
Q

Connects multiple networks using logical addressing (IPv4 or IPv6).

A

Internetwork Communication

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9
Q

Determines the best path for data transmission.

A

Path Selection

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10
Q

Break up collision domains on a LAN.

A

Switches and Bridges

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11
Q

Connect wireless devices (e.g., computers, tablets, printers) to the network.

A

WLAN Devices

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12
Q

What are the causes of LAN Traffic Congestions?

A
  • Too many hosts in a collision or broadcast domain.
  • Broadcast storms (excessive broadcast traffic).
  • Excessive multicast traffic.
    Low bandwidth.
  • Adding hubs for network connectivity.
  • Numerous ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) broadcasts.
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13
Q

A set of devices on a network segment that can receive broadcast frames from each other.

A

Broadcast Domain

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14
Q

Routers do not forward broadcasts by default.

A

Broadcast Domain

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15
Q

A scenario in Ethernet networks where a packet sent by one device forces all other devices on the same segment to listen.

A

Collision Domain

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16
Q

These help in breaking up collision domains.

A

Bridges and Switches

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17
Q

Network security systems that monitor and control incoming and outgoing traffic.

A

Firewalls

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18
Q

Operate based on predefined security rules.

A

Firewalls

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19
Q

Typically integrated with Intrusion Protection Systems (IPS).

A

Firewalls

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20
Q

Allow wireless devices to connect to a wired network.

A

Access Point

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21
Q

Extend a Collision Domain from a switch

A

Access Point

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22
Q

Usually part of a Virtual LAN

A

Access Point

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23
Q

Can be standalone or managed by wireless controllers

A

Access Point

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24
Q

Mange multiple APs either locally or through the internet

A

Wireless Controllers

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25
Q

Meaning of OSI Model

A

Open System Interconnection

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26
Q

This provides guidelines for application and network development.

A

Logical Model

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27
Q

When and Who created the OSI Model

A

Created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the late 1970s.

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28
Q

Serves as the primary architectural model for networks, describing how data is communicated from one computer’s application to another.

A

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model

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29
Q

Establishes a framework for networking standards, devices, and internetworking schemes.

A

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model

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30
Q

Breaks the communication process into layers.

A

OSI Model

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31
Q

The OSI Model is divided into two parts. WHat are they?

A

Upper Layer and Lower Layer

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32
Q

Handle communication between applications and end users.

A

Upper Layer

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33
Q

Manage end-to-end data transmission.

A

Lower Layer

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34
Q

These are the Devices operating at all seven OSI layers

A
  • Network Management Stations (NMSs)
  • Web and Application Servers
  • Gateways (excluding default gateways)
  • Servers
  • Network Hosts
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35
Q

A conceptual blueprint outlining how communications should occur.

A

Reference Model

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36
Q

Divides communication processes into logical groupings for a hierarchical or layered architecture.

A

Reference Model

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37
Q

Group similar functions to simplify communication and troubleshooting.

A

Layers

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38
Q

Maintain a structured flow of data across networks.

A

Layers

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39
Q

Divides network communication into smaller, manageable components for easier development and troubleshooting.

A

Modularity

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40
Q

Enables development by multiple vendors through standardization.

A

Interoperability

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41
Q

Standardization: Clearly defines functions at each layer, promoting industry-wide standards.

A

Standardization:

42
Q

Allows diverse hardware and software to communicate.

A

Compatibility:

43
Q

Changes in one layer do not affect other layers, accelerating development.

44
Q

The layer where users interact with the computer.

A

Application Layer

45
Q

Activates only when network access is required.

A

Application Layer

46
Q

Functions of Application Layer

A
  • File Transfers
  • Email Communication
  • Remote Access
  • Network Management
  • Client/Server Processes
  • Information Location
47
Q

Acts as the translator for the OSI model.

A

Presentation Layer

48
Q

Data Translation: Converts data into a standard format before transmission.

A

Data Translation

49
Q

Ensures compatibility between different encoding systems.

A

Code Formatting

50
Q

Ensures successful data transfer by maintaining a consistent data format.

A

Presentation Layer

51
Q

Manages sessions between Presentation layer entities.

A

Session Layer

52
Q

Establishes communication sessions

A

Session Setup

53
Q

Maintains ongoing sessions.

A

Session Management

54
Q

Dismantles sessions after communication ends.

A

Session Termination

55
Q

Manages data exchange between devices.

A

Dialog Control

56
Q

One-way communication without any reply (e.g., broadcast messages).

57
Q

Two-way communication but in one direction at a time (e.g., walkie-talkies).

A

Half-Duplex

58
Q

Simultaneous two-way communication (e.g., phone calls).

A

Full-Duplex

59
Q

Segments and reassembles data into a single data stream.

A

Transport Layer

60
Q

Provides end-to-end data transport and establishes a logical connection between sending and receiving hosts.

A

Transport Layer

61
Q

Manages multiple communication sessions.

A

Multiplexing

62
Q

Sets up and tears down virtual circuits.

A

Session Establishment and Termination

63
Q

Ensures data integrity by preventing overflow at the receiving host.

A

Flow Control

64
Q

Retransmits segments if not acknowledged.

A

Error Checking and Recovery

65
Q

Request to establish a connection.

A

SYN (Synchornization)

66
Q

Confirms the request and syncs sequence numbers.

A

SYN/ACK (Acknowledgment)

67
Q

Confirms the connection is established, and data transfer begins.

A

ACK (Final Acknowledgment)

68
Q

Uses Sequencing and Acknowledgments for reliable data transfer.

A

Connection-Oriented Communication

69
Q

Maintains Flow Control to manage data flow and avoid congestion.

A

Connection-Oriented Communication

70
Q

Defines the amount of data (in bytes) that can be sent before receiving an acknowledgment.

71
Q

Reliable data delivery ensures the integrity of a stream of data sent from one machine to the other through a fully functional data link.

A

Acknowledgement

72
Q

Retransmits data if no acknowledgment is received.

A

Positive Acknowledgment with Retransmission:

73
Q

Manages device addressing, tracks device locations, and determines best data paths.

A

Network Layer

74
Q

Used to transport user data.

A

Data Packets

75
Q

Protocols supporting data traffic (e.g., IP, IPv6).

A

Routed Protocols

76
Q

Protocol-specific addresses for routing.

A

Network Addresses

77
Q

Exit interface for packet forwarding.

78
Q

Distance to the remote network (varies by routing protocol).

79
Q

What are the Routers Characteristics

A
  • Do not forward broadcast or multicast packets by default.
  • Use Logical Addresses for next-hop routing.
  • Can use Access Lists for security control.
  • Can provide Layer 2 bridging and Layer 3 routing simultaneously.
  • Enable connections between Virtual LANs (VLANs).
  • Provide Quality of Service (QoS) for specific network traffic.
80
Q

Ensures physical data transmission with error notification, network topology, and flow control.

A

Data Link Layer

81
Q

This layer ensures that messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using hardware addresses.

A

Data Link Layer

82
Q

This layer formats the messages, each called a data frame.

A

Data Link Layer

83
Q

Manages data packet placement on media and controls access.

A

Media Access Control

84
Q

Identifies Network layer protocols and manages flow control and sequencing.

A

Logical Link Control

85
Q

Break up collision domains.

A

Switches and Bridges

86
Q

Uses Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) for high-speed bridging

A

Layer 2 Switching

87
Q

Meaning of ASIC

A

Application-Specific Integrated Circuits

88
Q

The signal path through a physical topology.

A

Logical Topology

89
Q

Handles bit-level transmission and reception (binary 0s and 1s).

A

Physical Layer

90
Q

Interfaces directly with communication media (e.g., cables, wireless signals).

A

Physical Layer

91
Q

It receives a digital signal, reamplifies or regenerates that signal, then forwards it to the other port.

92
Q

It sends a digital signal to all of the other ports.

93
Q

Physical layout of devices and cabling.

A

Physical Topology

94
Q

Signal path through the physical layout.

A

Logical Topology

95
Q

All devices connected to a single cable; shared bandwidth.

96
Q

Devices connected in a circle; data travels in one direction.

97
Q

Central device (e.g., switch) connects all devices; most common Ethernet layout.

98
Q

Every device is interconnected for high reliability and self-healing.

99
Q

Combines features of other topologies (e.g., Ethernet uses a star layout but signals travel like a bus).

100
Q

What are the Seven Layers of the OSI Model

A
  • Physical Layer
  • Data Link Layer
  • Network Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Session Layer
  • Presentation Layer
  • Application Layer

Computer Networking 2 (3 decks)

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