Internet, WWW, and Web Architecture Flashcards
What is the Internet?
The Internet is defined as a network of networks consisting of hundreds of independent networks, computer hosts, routers, switches, leased phone lines, satellite/radio links, and cable connections.
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. It allows users to view web pages that contain text, images, videos, and multimedia, and navigate between them using hyperlinks.
What are the uses of the Internet and WWW?
The Internet and WWW are used for:
• Communication (emails, forums, social networking)
• Information and Services (newspapers, portals)
• Entertainment (games, music, movies)
• Education (e-learning, virtual classes)
• Business (e-commerce, banking)
What is Internet architecture?
Internet architecture is based on the client/server model:
• Client: Requests resources/services
• Server: Provides resources/services to clients
What is a client in the context of the Internet?
A client, typically a web browser (such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox), requests and presents information from the WWW. It allows users to navigate between resources via hyperlinks.
What is a web server?
A web server is a system (software and hardware) that responds to requests across a network to deliver web content (HTML documents, images, scripts) to clients using HTTP.
Name some examples of web servers.
Examples of web servers include Apache, Internet Information Services (IIS), Nginx, and Google Web Server.
What are communication protocols used on the Internet?
Some common communication protocols include:
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP, HTTPS)
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP/IP)
What is an IP address?
An IP address is a unique set of four numbers (ranging from 0 to 255) separated by periods, assigned to internet hosts. Example: 168.156.125.25.
What is a domain name?
A domain name is the human-readable address of a website. It consists of the organization’s name and a suffix that identifies the type of organization. Example: uom.ac.mu where .mu is the top-level domain for Mauritius, and ac is the subdomain for academics.
What is the Domain Name System (DNS)?
DNS is a system that translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses so that computers can access websites. For example, www.uom.ac.mu is translated into an IP address by DNS.
What is a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?
A URL is the unique address of a web page that identifies where it is located on the web. Example: http://www.smccdd.edu/accounts/csmlibrary/index.htm.
What are the steps in processing a web request?
- Client requests the web server’s IP address.
- DNS Server sends the IP address to the client.
- Client sends a request using the IP address.
- Web server processes the request.
- Web server sends the requested web page to the client.
What is the difference between static and dynamic web pages?
• Static web pages display the same pre-built content every time they are loaded (e.g., HTML).
• Dynamic web pages generate content at runtime (e.g., using PHP, ASP, JSP).
What is a 1-tier architecture?
In a 1-tier architecture, the client, server, and database all reside on the same machine.
