Internet Orgs And Communities Flashcards
What is the ccTLDs?
Country-Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs)
Is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all two letter top-level domains are ccTLDs. E.g. (.us) (.uk) (.il) (1985) and .au .de .fr. .fi .kr .nl .se (1986) .ch (1987)
What are (gTLDs)
One of the categories of TLDs maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the DOmain Name System of the Internet, gTLD registeries operate sponsored and unsponsored TLDs according to ICANN policies. E.g. .ad m .aaa , .biz
Governments role in the Internet
Federal, state and local governments and their regulators have roles in setting policies on issues from Internet deployment to Internet usage.
What is the role of Government Regional Organizations?
Government regional organizations include:
African Union, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity, the Caribbean Telecommunication Union (CTU), the Commonwealth of Nations, the European Union and the Inter-American Telecommunication Commision (CITEL). Governments sometimes like to coordinate policies related to the Internet for their Regions
What is the IAB
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
Which is chartered as a committee of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and as an advisory body of the Internet Society (ISOC). Its responsibilities include architectural oversight of IETF activities, Inter-net Standards Process oversight and appeal, and the appointment of the RFC Editor. The IAB is also responsible for the management of the IETF protocol parameter registeries.
What is IANA
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for the global coordination of the Domain Name System (DNS) Root, Internet Protocol (IP) addressing, and other IP resources.
What is ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is a not-for-profit public benefit corporation that coordinates the system of unique names and numbers needed to keep the Internet secure, stable, and interoperable. It promotes competition and develops policy on the Internet’s unique identifiers through its coordination role of the Internet’s naming system.
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large, open, international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet.
Internet Community Organisations and Businesses
Internet organisations and businesses encourage, train and interest in Internet Education and capacity building. Organisations include RIRs, ICANN, Regional and national network operators, and the Network StartUp Resource Centre (NSRC) as well as Afilias Limited, Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, IBM, and Microsoft.
What is the IRTF
The Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) Promotes research of importance to the evolution of the future Internet by creating focused, long-term and small Research Groups working on topics related to Internet protocols, applications, architecture and technology.
What is the Internet Society (ISOC)
Internet Society promotes the evolution and growth of the global internet. Through members, chapters, and partners, they are the hub of the largest international network of people and organisations that work with the Internet.
What are ISOC chapters?
ISOC Chapters localise ISOC’s core values and promote the Internet for their local communities.
What are ISOC Individual Members?
ISOC Individual Members show commitment to ISOC’s vision of Building Trust, Connecting the World, Improving Technical Security, and Shaping the Internet’s Future.
What are ISOC Organization Members?
ISOC Organization Members support and contribute to ISOC and understand the need to take action collectively to ensure the Internet remains open, accessible, trusted and secure.
ITU-T
International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardisation Sector (ITU-T)
The ITU-T convenes specialists drawn from industry, public sector, and R&D entities worldwide to develop technical specification that ensure that each piece of communications systems can inter operate seamlessly with the myriad elements that make up today’s complex ICT networks and services.
Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)
Regional and National IXPos provide physical infrastructure that allows network operators to exchange Internet traffic between their networks by means of mutual peering agreements.
Multilateral Institutions and Development Agencies for Internet
Multilateral institutions include organizations that have multiple countries working in concert on Internet issues for policy development, education and capacity building. Organizations include ITU the ITU-D(evelopment sector) the United Nations’ UNESCO, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
Network Operators &. NOGs
Companies that provide access to the Internet.
Regional Network Operator Groups (NOGs) provide collaboration and consultative opportunities for local operators among NOGs globally.
Policy Discussion Forums:
IGF
OECD
Internet Governance Forum, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as well as national consultative forums, industry associations, and civil society organisations.
RIRs: AfriNIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE
Regional Internet Registries. RIRs oversee the allocation and registration of Internet number resources within a particular region of the world. Each RIR is a member of the Number Resource Organizations (NRO)
Asia Pacific Network Information Center
American Registry for Internet Numbers
Latin American and Caribbean Internet Addresses Registry
And the RIPE Network Coordination Centre.
Root Servers
DNS root name servers reliably publish the contents of one small file called a root zone file to the Internet. This file is at the apex of a hierarchical distributed data based called the Domain Name System (DNS) which is used by almost all Internet applications to translate the WorldWide unique names into other identifiers.
Service Creators / Vendors
Service Creators and Vendors provide software applications and experiences that utilise the Internet.
Specialised Standards Bodies ETSI IEEE ISO ANSI OASIS
Many organisations focus on specialised standards, some play key roles in the Internet. These organisations include the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) the Identity Commons, the IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) standards Association the ANSI ISOC American National Standards Institute) the Liberty Alliance Project, the Open Source Communities, the Organisation for the Advancement of Structure Information Standards (OASIS)
Universities and Academic Institutions
Critical role in education students and business people. They also prototype demonstrate hardware and software solutions that benefit the Internet.
