Internet/ Networks Flashcards
What hardware is needs to connect to the Internet
- Modem- this device allows an individual compute to connect to the Internet via a phone line. There are two main types; dial up and broadband
- Router- this device is used to link one network to another network. A router will therefore allow all the computers in a network to have a connection to the Internet
What is HTML
HTML stands for HyperText Mark-up Language. It is important because it defines a standard that allows data (web page) to be displayed correctly on any computer that uses a web browser that conforms to the HTML standard
What is a PDF file?
PDF stands for Portable Document Format. It allows documents to be viewed and printed without the need for the original software that created them.
What is a Disaster recovery policy
A disaster recovery policy aims to reduce the risk and then minimise the impact of a natural or man-made disaster on a network or computer system.
What is a WAN
Wide Area Network. A network of computers in a large geographical area, eg within a city, county or country. the WAN may incorporate LANs
Describe the ring network topology
A peer to peer network that is connected in a ring
What is a peer to peer network?
In a peer to peer network, computers are simply linked together, they don’t have particular roles and each has equivalent responsibility and status.
Any computer on the network con load information from the hard disk of any other computer and a computer on the network can use any printer connected to the network.
What’s the difference between a router and a switch?
A router routes the data packets to all connected PCs
A switch sends the data packets to jus target the PC
What is an IP address?
It is a unique 32 bit reference number that is allocated to devices in an IP computer network
What is an AUP?
A set of rules an employee will usually sign as part of their contact which states ways in which a computer network/ system is allowed to be used.
What is a LAN?
Local area network, a network that operates over a small geographical area
What does network topology mean?
The name given to the way in which devices are physically connected in a network. There are thee main ones; ring, bus and star
What hardware is required to create a network
Each PC must have a NIC (which could be cable or wireless)
cabling is required for non-wireless networks
a router or a switch is required in some networks
a Wireless Access Point is required for wireless networks and acts like a router/switch
Describe the star network topology?
The devices are connected in a star with the central device acting as a server. This is a client-server network.
What is used to identify each device on an IP network?
The IP adress
What is archiving?
This means that the files are no longer in active use and are moved somewhere where they can still be accessed if needed. An archived file is therefore the original file, not a backup. Archived files are often compressed, therefore they take up less memory.
What is the difference between a public IP address and a private IP address?
A public IP address is used on a WAN (or the Internet) and a private is used on a LAN.
What is a protocol?
The set of rules that two or more devices are set up to use so that they can communicate with each other. Eg, Internet protocol or Transmission Control Protocol.
What security measures are needed in networks?
- access levels
- user groups
- disaster recovery
- AUP
- back up
- physical security measures
- firewall/anti virus
- data encryption
What are the main features of a disaster recovery policy?
- automatic shut down systems
- intruder, flood, earthquake and fire alarms
- off-site and local backup systems
- data replication and failover systems
5 advantages of networking computers?
- Peripherals, like printers, can be shared
- All workstations on the network can be backed up centrally
- Messages can be sent between users
- Users can share files, which helps prevent duplication of data
- Software for a network is cheaper than individual licences
Describe the bus (line) topology
All devices are connected to a main spine cable. This is a peer to peer network.
What is the advantage of switch over a router?
A switch sends the data packets to the correct device whereas a router sends the data packets to all of the devices on the network.
What is a client-server network?
There are two roles in the network: client and server
Client: connected to the server
Server: control access to shared resources like files and printers
What is a MPEG file?
A file format commonly used to store video data and use lossy compression
What is lossless compression?
A form of compression which allows the original file to be re-created exactly from the original file.
What is the World Wide Web?
A collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs and is only one of the services that uses the Internet.
What is a DNS server?
Domain Name Server that translates human friendly domain name (eg www.google.co.uk) into an IP address
What is a gif file?
A bitmap image format that is commonly used for simple images such as diagrams, logos, website buttons and cartoon graphic.
What is an MP3 file?
An audio file format commonly used to store music. These use lossy compression
Why is file compression important for files to be shared over the Internet?
If they are not compressed, then it would be more data to transmit. This would result in more network traffic, greater band with requirements and slower download times.
How do computers communicate over the Internet?
Once a computer is connected to the Internet it can communicate with any other computer that is also connected to the Internet
How are Internet resources (eg web pages) identified?
They have unique IP addresses
What is a JPG/JPEG file?
A bitmap image commonly used for high resolution colour images such as digital photographs
What is the Internet?
A world-wide system of inter-connected computer networks. These connections can involve telephone lines, fibre-optic cables, satellite and other wireless links
What is a MAC address?
Media Access Control. Each NIC has a unique MAC address which is hard coded into the NIC when it is made.
What protocol is used by the WWW?
http (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
What is backup policy?
The process of making a copy of important computer files that can be used to restore the original if it is deleted or corrupted. Many computer systems will automatically backup files.
What is a data packet?
Data to be sent over a network is broken down into “chunks” (packets)
What is a ZIP file?
A file format that stores one or more files as a single lossless compressed file. ZIP files are commonly used to reduce the file size of email attachments or downloads
What is lossy compression?
A form of compression in which data that is not needed, either because a drop in quality is acceptable or the difference cannot be detected by the eye or ear. You do not get the original file back.
