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Internet Basics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an internetwork?

A
  1. Many networks interconnected, however provide the illusion of having a single network.
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2
Q

Each network in an internetwork has its own what?

A

addressing and routing mechanism.

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3
Q

To cross from one network to another, in an internetwork, you need an…

A

additional layer of software to glue everything together.

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4
Q

What are the Internetwork Properties?

A
  1. You can send a message from any host to any other host in the internetwork(via intermediate routers).
  2. Has is own addressing mechanism and routing mechanism.
  3. scales to global connectivity.
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5
Q

What are the Individual Network Properties?

A
  1. Must be able to transfer messages between any two nodes in the network.
  2. Preferably must support broadcast.
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6
Q

What is in the Internet Protocol (IP) Service Model?

A
  1. Provides global name (and address) space

2. Provides datagram service to the transport layer(TCP, UDP).

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7
Q

What is specifically not in the IP Service Model?

A

Delivery guarantees on bandwidth, delay or loss.

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8
Q

What are theIP Delivery failure modes?

A
  1. Packet delayed for a very long time.
  2. Packer loss.
  3. Packet delivered more than once.
  4. Packets delivered out of order.
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9
Q

What are the IPv4 Address Model Properties?

A
  1. 32-bit address
  2. Hierarchical - unique network ID and unique host ID is unique with in the network.
  3. An IP address points to a unique network adaptor.
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10
Q

IP addresses have ______ to do with the particular network addresses

A

nothing

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11
Q

Ethernet addresses are….

A

typically hardcoded in the hardware of your machine.

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12
Q

Internet domain name to IP address is performed by which Service?

A

Domain Name Service.

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13
Q

Translation from IP address to the physical address is done via which Protocol?

A

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

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14
Q

Why is, a Fixed Table Option for IP to Physical Address Translation Design to maintain a central repository and distribute to hosts, not a good idea?

A

It creates a bottleneck for queries and updates.

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15
Q

Why is, a Hard-coded Option for IP to Physical Address Translation Design to encode the physical address in the IP address not a good idea?

A

It makes it impossible to associate IP address with topology (routing becomes to difficult).

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16
Q

Why is have a automatically generated table built by ARP at each host a good idea for IP to Physical Address Translation Design?

A

It removes unused entries?

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17
Q

Where is ARP in the protocol stack?

A

In-between IP and the Physical Networks.

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18
Q

What happens for an ARP-REQUEST?

A

The ARP-REQUEST is encapsulated into a physical network frame.
All machines in the physical network receive the ARP-REQUEST and learn the learn the sender physical network address.
Only the target IP address responds.
If no reply, retransmit request with exponentially increasing interval.

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19
Q

What is in the ARP header?

A
  1. Sender IP address field
  2. sender physical network address field.
  3. target IP address field.
  4. target physical network address field.
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20
Q

What is in the ARP-REPLY header?

A
  1. sender IP address field
  2. sender physical network address field
  3. target IP address field.
  4. target physical network address field.
21
Q

ARP messages DO NOT

A

leave the LAN

22
Q

For Datagram Forwarding within IP, the routing table is…

A

simple and static on hosts. Complex and dynamic on router.

23
Q

For Datagram Forwarding within IP, the routing table contain what?

A

A list of pairs.

24
Q

For Datagram Forwarding within IP use _____ to get hardware address of host/router

25
Q

What is the IP packet format?

A
  1. 4or6-bit Version
  2. 4.bit header length
  3. 8-bit type of service (TOS)
  4. 16-bit total length (counted in bytes)
  5. 16-bit packet ID
  6. 3 single-bit flags
  7. 13-bit fragment offset into datagram.
  8. 8-bit time-to-live (TTL)
  9. 16-bit IP checksum on header
  10. 32-bit source IP address
  11. 32-bit destination IP address
  12. Options (variable size)
  13. Padding fill to 32-bit boundaries.
26
Q

What is the Problem in IP Fragmentation and Reassembly?

A

The host does not know the minimum value for the Maximum Transmission Unit.

27
Q

What is the solution for the IP Fragmentation and Reassembly problem?

A

Split IP packet into acceptably sized packets prior to sending over physical link.

28
Q

Where does reassembly occur in IP Fragmentation and Reassembly?

A

At the destination to minimize refragmentation.

29
Q

What happens when a fragment is damaged/lost in IP Fragmentation and Reassembly?

A

Drop all fragments in packet.

30
Q

What configuration information does a host need?

A
  1. Its IP address
  2. Subnet mask
  3. Default router IP Address
  4. DNS Server IP address.
31
Q

Server manage a ____ number of IP addresses.

32
Q

Addresses are leased to clients for ____ leases

33
Q

_____ lease if you need IP address longer

34
Q

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is…

A

a simple way to automate configuration information for a host.
Network administrator does not need to enter host IP address by hand.

35
Q

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is good for what kind of networks?

A

Large and/or dynamic networks.

36
Q

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is layered on top of what protocol?

A

UDP (a simple transport protocol).

37
Q

When a host powers on it sends what kind of message?

A

A DHCPDISCOVER message.

38
Q

The DHCPDISCOVER message contain what?

A

The host’s physical address.

39
Q

What are the 4 DHCP messages?

A
  1. Discover
  2. Offer
  3. Request
  4. ACK
40
Q

DHCP message flow is:

A
  1. Host broadcast a DHCPDISCOVER message
  2. Server broadcasts DHCPOFFER to host.
  3. host broadcasts DHCPREQUEST to server.
  4. Server broadcasts DHCPACK to host.
41
Q

What do the DHCP message always broadcast?

A

To let other servers know of the exchange occurring between the host and the server.

42
Q

What if the IP Dest address were all zeros?

A

The ethernet is broadcast anyway.

43
Q

What is the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A

IP companion protocol that handles error and control messages.

44
Q

What are the error messages in the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A
  1. Host unreachable
  2. Reassembly failed
  3. IP checksum failed
  4. TTL exceeded (packet dropped)
  5. Invalid header
45
Q

What are the control messages in the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A
  1. Echo/ping request and reply

2. Route redirect.

46
Q

What is a Virtual Private Network?

A

A group of connected network with connections between networks that do not belong to the network. With the goal to control connectivity and unified management/service.

47
Q

What is a IP Tunnel

A

Virtual point-to-point link between an arbitrarily connected pair of nodes.

48
Q

What are the advantages of IP Tunneling?

A
  1. Transparent transmission of packets.
  2. Only need to change relevant routers (end points)
  3. encryption, gives you a secure private internetwork
  4. End-points of tunnels my have features not available in other Internet routers.
  5. Useful for mobile routing (mobile IP)
49
Q

What are the disadvantages of IP Tunneling?

A
  1. Increases packet size
  2. Processing time needed to encapsulate/decapsulate packets.
  3. Management at tunnel-aware routers

Computer Networks (7 decks)

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