International Relations Flashcards
Who were the big three?
David Lloyd George (Britain), George Clemenceau (France) and Woodrow Wilson (USA).
What were Lloyd George’s aims of the Treaty of Versailles?
He wanted Germany to suffer but also wanted to rebuild Britain and its trade.
What were Clemenceau’s aims of the Treaty of Versailles?
He wanted future security for France from any German attack and wanted Germany to be blamed and severely punished.
What were Wilson’s aims of the Treaty of Versailles?
He wanted a peace treaty that would be fair and wanted Germany to be punished but not humiliated.
What does ‘GARGLe’ stand for?
G- guilt cause (Article 231)
A- army
R- reparations
G- Germany lost land (13% land lost, 12% population lost-Alsace Lorraine)
L- League of Nations (Germany not allowed to join)
E- extra point (Germany and Austria not allies)
What impact did the treaty have on Germany?
Germany felt it was unfair (blamed for war, wasn’t their fault), were promised self-determination (from Wilson) but forced to give up their colonies and to disarm. Lost £6.6 billion in reparations.
What is nationalism?
When a country only really cares about themselves.
What is internationalism?
When countries help one another and work together.
Why was the League of Nations weak?
America never joined.
They didn’t have an army.
Votes had to be unanimous (slow).
Corfu Crisis (League was set up to help that sort of thing but failed in doing so).
No major progress with international cooperations and disarmament.
What were some of the League of Nations’ successes?
Refugees (1922)- set up camps and fed Turkish refugees.
Slaves- freed 200,000 slaves.
Disease- worked to find cures for Leprosy and Malaria.
What happened in the Aaland Islands in 1921?
Finland and Sweden were fighting over the Aaland Islands but the league stopped the dispute.
It prevented war.
Finland got Aaland Islands
What happened at the Corfu dispute in 1923?
Italian General was killed on Greek territory, Mussolini used it as an excuse to capture Corfu.
League decided Greece should apologise and pay sanctions to Italy.
What was the Dawes Plan in 1924?
It ‘opened doors’ for Germany. America lent money to Germany.
What was the Young Plan in 1929?
Germany’s amount of reparations were reduced.
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)?
65 countries agreed to not go to war.
What happened in Manchuria, Japan (1931)?
Japan decide to increase their Empire.
Japan claimed Chinese soldiers had sabotaged the railway so invaded Manchuria.
China appealed to League for help.
Took over a year to write a report on this, Japan are in the wrong.
League tell Japan to withdraw.
League vote, 42-1 (1=Japan).
Japan leave League and invade more of China.
What happened in Abyssinia (1934)?
Mussolini prepares his troops to invade Abyssinia at the Wal Wal Oasis (dispute taking place).
Britain and France were trying to stay on good terms with M to protect themselves.
Britain, France and M agree the Hoare-Laval Pact (Italy get 2/3 of Abyssinia for support against Hitler). It was leaked in press- humiliated B and F.
Italy defied League’s orders and took full control over Abyssinia.
