International Relations Flashcards
tribalism
an outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Ethnic Group
A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
Identity
A conception of the self; a selection of physical, psychological, emotional, or social attributes of particular individuals
Ethnic Pluralism
The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary
Murahaleen
Militiamen on horseback
Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA)
Sudan People’s Liberation Army; formed to achieve a secular democratic Sudan
indirect rule
A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, language, culture, and economic systems
Biafra
The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria
American Colonization Society
An American group that supported Africans’ return to Africa
Americo-Liberians
The name free slaves gave themselves once they landed in Liberia
William Tolbert
The Americo-Liberian president who was overthrown by Samuel K. Doe
animism
The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects
trans-Sahara slave trade
A trade in which Arab counties enslaved Africans from the south of the sahara
abed
a term meaning slave
shaheed
An Arabic term for martyr
Tutsis and Hutus
Two main ethnic groups in Rwanda
Racial theories
The theories that people are superior based on their race or what skin color they have
Jawaharlal Nehru
Leader of the Congress Party in India
Ali Jinnah
Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan
Sikhs’ Golden Temple
The place most sacred to the Sikhs
Uighur separatists
A minority group in China
Halabja
A kurdish village against which Saddam Hussein used poisonous gas
Kurdish Workers Party
Movement for Kurdish independence
Abdullah Ocaian
Leader of the Kurdish Workers Party
Shining Path
A peruvian rebel movement that was formed by university professors and students who subscribed to the philosophy of Mao Zedong
Chiapas
A southern state in Mexico
San Andres Accords
An agreement that granted land and legal rights to the indigenous population of Mexico
Power-sharing arrangements
Arrangements that divide political power among different ethnic groups
federalism
The sharing of power between the central government and the states or provinces
Sinhalese and Tamils
Two main ethnic groups in Sri Lanka
Veddah
The Native people of Sri Lanka
United National Party
United the SInhalese and Tamils
Sri Lanka Freedom Party
Stressed Sinhalese separatism
Indo-Sri Lankan Agreement
An effort to end the conflict
Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga
Sri Lanka’s president
unitary system
A system of government in which power is centralized
federal system
A system of government in which power is shared among different levels of government
migration
the movement from one place to another
migrant
A person who moves from one country or area to another country or location
refugee
A migrant who lives outside of his or her country but is unable or unwilling to return because of persecution
displaced person
someone who has been forced to leave his or her home because of violence, conflict, persecution, or natural disaster, but has not crossed an international border
immigrant
someone who goes from a foreign country to become a permanent resident
transcontinental migration
The movement of persons from one continent to another
rural-to-rural migration
The movement of people from one rural area to another
rural-to-urban migration
The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas; the most dominant pattern of migration
urban-to-rural migration
The movement of people from urban areas to rural areas
seasonal migration
The movement of people from one area to another because of seasonal demand for labor
push factors
the factors that motivate people to leave their homes, such as human rights violations, violence, and political instability
Pull Factors
The factors that motivate people to leave their homes, such as employment opportunities, higher wages, and educational opportunities
Overpopulation
Extreme population growth that threatens resources and causes overcrowding
underpopulation
occurs when there is a strong decline in the population growth rate
competitive exclusion
A major cause of migration; occurs when land is taken by large agro-export companies
Cultural Revolution
A systematic effort to destroy everything that challenged communism in China
Forced Migration
The act of evicting those who are hostile to the government
Spark Plan
An effort to modernize rural Chinese industries through technological innovations
global cities
Cities such as New York and Chicago that enable immigrants to blend in and become low-wage workers
Mexican-American War
Lasted from 1846-1848
Policy of assimilation
A french policy that allowed residents of French Colonies to gain citizenship and migrate freely to France
Jean-Marie Le Pen
French politician who strongly opposes immigration from the developing world to France
Berlin Wall
A wall that formerly separated East Germany from West Germany
Gastarbeiter Rotation System
A German system that allowed foreign workers or guest workers to stay in Germany for 1 to 3 years and then return to their home countries
brain drain
the migration of highly educated and trained people from poor countries to rich countries
brain overflow
Inability of poor countries to use highly trained individuals
remittances
Money that migrant workers send back to their families or countries
maquiladoras
Export factories in which the Mexican government invests
electoral votes
the votes that actually elect the president of the United States
Great Depression
Led to the deportation of Mexican Workers
Bracero Program
Allowed Mexican workers to temporarily migrate to the United States
Study of International Relations
The study of the interactions among countries of states
sovereignty
A country’s control over its internal affairs and external relations
Peace of Westphalia
Ended the Thirty Years’ War in 1648
national interest
A set of goals essential or beneficial toa country’s survival, status, and economic prosperity
cultural ties
common values, family ties, and historical experiences shape foreign policy
foreign policy instruments
A combination of military power, diplomacy and economic might
Policy of nonalignment
Policy of not being formally allied with the United States or the Soviet Union during the Cold War
Al Qaeda
Terrorist group headed by Osama bin Laden
Mujahedeen
Holy Warriors
Devaluation of the Currency
Devaluation occurs when a country’s currency loses monetary value and its people have to spend more money to purchase the same amounts of products
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Formed in 1960 to counteract the power of the oil companies
Airbus
A European consortium that sold passenger jets to Libya
Haile Selassie
Ethiopia’s leader
Group of 77
A political and economic coalition formed by developing countries
The Treaty of Rome
Fostered European Economic and political integration
economies of scale
The relationship between output and costs
regional economic development banks
regional banks and loan instituions that are modeled after the world Bank
Organization of American States (OAS)
Created in 1948 and composed of Latin American and Caribbean countries, the US and Canada
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Founded in1967 to promote economic and cultural cooperation in Southeast Asia
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
Formed in 1985 to promoted regional economic development in South Asia
Seven Sisters
The name given to seven large oil companies that contorlled most of the world’s oil until the mid 1950’s
Mercosur
Economic bloc in South America
Organization of African Unity (OAU)
Founded in 1963 to promote African solidarity and independence
African Union
Replaced the OAU in 2002
Mahtma Gandhi
Used nonviolent strategies in both South Africa and India to effectuate change
Instrument of Accession
An agreement between India and the leader of Kashmir that gave India jurisdiction over Kashmir’s external affairs, dense, and communications
Arab League
An organization that was created to promote cultural and economic cooperation
Six Day War
Israel seized Arab territories in 1967
Anwar Sadat
Egyptian leader who made peace with Isreal
Knesset
The Israeli parliament
Camp David Accords
An agreement between Egypt and Israel that ended their hostilities and granted the return of seized Egyptian land
New International Economic Order (NIEO)
Alliances of Latin American countries to project their power beyond the region
Contadora Group
A group formed in 1983 to find a paceful solution to the conflicts in Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Honduras
War on Drugs
Launched by President Ronald Reagan to keep illegal drugs out of the United States
Helms-Burton Law
A law that called for American sanctions against foreign companies deemed to be using property that U.S. citizens claimed was confiscated by Cuba
Opium Wars
Britain fought china to maintain the lucrative British trade in opium
Chinese Communist Party
Controls China
Mao Zedong
Founder of Chinese communism and leader of China
ping-pong diplomacy
A diplomatic initiative that sent an American ping-pong team to China in 1971
Shanghai Joint Communique
A 1972 declaration of single China
Taiwan Relations Act
An act passed by Congress that reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to Taiwan’s security
foreign policies
Decisions influenced by a combination of factors
