International Organizations + European Union

Question 1

What’s the primary purpose of WTO ?

Answer 1

Open trade for the benefit of all

Question 2

Name 6 base agreements of the WTO

Answer 2

Agreement establishing the WTO
GATT : general agreement on trade and tariffs (goods)
GATS : GA on trade in services (services)
TRIPS : Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Proprety RightS
Trade Policy Review Mechanism
Dispute Settlement Understanding

Question 3

What are the WTO principles of Tranding System ? (5)

Answer 3

Trade without discrimination
Freer trade (gradually through negociation)
Predictability (through binding and transparency)
Promoting for fair competition
Encouraging development and economic reform

Question 4

What are the exception of the WTO principles for unforeseen circumstances ?

Answer 4

Anti dumping
Subsidies and special “countervailing” duties
Safeguard mesures

Question 5

The WTO is in some ways a successor to ?

Answer 5

GATT

Question 6

Current round of negaociation ?

Answer 6

DOHA

Question 7

Two aspects of the trade without discrimination principle ?

Answer 7

Most favoured nation

National treatment

Question 8

WTO ensures transparency by :

Answer 8

compulsory disclosure or notification of government’s policies and pratices
regular surveillance of national trade policies through the trade Policy review mechanism

Question 9

The WTO agreement allows governments to act against dumping if :

Answer 9

There is “material” injury to the competing domestic industry
or shows that domestic industry is beeing hurt (calculate extend of dumping)

Question 10

When was the name WCO adopted ?

Answer 10

1994 (first 13 european governement study group in 1947)

Question 11

Where is located the WCO ?

Answer 11

Brussels

Question 12

How many customs administrations are represented by the WCO ? and how much of the world trade they represent ?

Answer 12

182

approximately 98% of the world trade

Question 13

What are the WCO missions ? (4)

Answer 13

Enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Customs administrations
Combat fraudulent activities
Promote the emergence of an honest, transparent and predictable customs environment
Enhance the protection of society and the national territory, and secure and facilitate international trade

Question 14

What are the WCO instruments ? (3)

Answer 14

Revised Kyoto Convention
Harmonizes System
SAFE Framework (of standards to secure and facilitate global trade)

Question 15

Name the three pillars of the SAFE Framework

Answer 15

Customs to customs network arrangments
Customs to business partnerships
Customs to other Government Agencies cooperation

Question 16

What are the 5 level of economic integration ? Plus 1 example for each

Answer 16

Free Trade Agreement/Area (NAFTA, ASEAN, CETA, EFTA, EU-Canada, ASEAN, ...)
Customs Union (EU 28, Mercosur, EACU, EAC, SACU,...)
Common Market (Schengen zone, CARICOM)
Economic and monetary union ( EU 17, Gulf cooperation Council, Eurasian Economic Union,...)
Political Union ( US, Canada,..)

Question 17

EU customs main aspects are : (7)

Answer 17

Common external tariff
Common custom régulations
No customs duties for trade among members
No quantitative restriction for trade among members
No fiscal union (different rate of VAT, income tax, …)
Obligation to declare trade flows (arrival, dispatch) between members states (“intrastats”)
Common définition of excisable goods, minimum duty rate, circulation requierements.

Question 18

Name 5 basic movement of goods (+example)

Answer 18

National trade (FR-FR)
Trade within a customs Union (FR-IT)
Trade with an excluded territory of the customs union ( FR-Vatican)
Trade within the Framework of a free trade agreement (FR-Maroc)
Trade with a third party country (FR-US)

Question 19

Do you need to prove the origin of a product (non agricultural nor CECA) when importing from Turkey into the EU in rder to get a reduced tariff ?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

What document will you need to produce in order to not pay customs duties (trading with Turkey) ?

Answer 20

ATR

Question 21

What does ATR attest ?

Answer 21

Status of a product

Question 22

What’s the difference between origin and status ?

Answer 22

Origin = Place where the goods were wholly obtain or underwent their last transformation according to specific conditions
Status = Place where the goods can be entered onto the national market because they have cleared customs