International Organizations + European Union Flashcards
What’s the primary purpose of WTO ?
Open trade for the benefit of all
Name 6 base agreements of the WTO
Agreement establishing the WTO
GATT : general agreement on trade and tariffs (goods)
GATS : GA on trade in services (services)
TRIPS : Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Proprety RightS
Trade Policy Review Mechanism
Dispute Settlement Understanding
What are the WTO principles of Tranding System ? (5)
Trade without discrimination
Freer trade (gradually through negociation)
Predictability (through binding and transparency)
Promoting for fair competition
Encouraging development and economic reform
What are the exception of the WTO principles for unforeseen circumstances ?
Anti dumping
Subsidies and special “countervailing” duties
Safeguard mesures
The WTO is in some ways a successor to ?
GATT
Current round of negaociation ?
DOHA
Two aspects of the trade without discrimination principle ?
Most favoured nation
National treatment
WTO ensures transparency by :
compulsory disclosure or notification of government’s policies and pratices
regular surveillance of national trade policies through the trade Policy review mechanism
The WTO agreement allows governments to act against dumping if :
There is “material” injury to the competing domestic industry
or shows that domestic industry is beeing hurt (calculate extend of dumping)
When was the name WCO adopted ?
1994 (first 13 european governement study group in 1947)
Where is located the WCO ?
Brussels
How many customs administrations are represented by the WCO ? and how much of the world trade they represent ?
182
approximately 98% of the world trade
What are the WCO missions ? (4)
Enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Customs administrations
Combat fraudulent activities
Promote the emergence of an honest, transparent and predictable customs environment
Enhance the protection of society and the national territory, and secure and facilitate international trade
What are the WCO instruments ? (3)
Revised Kyoto Convention
Harmonizes System
SAFE Framework (of standards to secure and facilitate global trade)
Name the three pillars of the SAFE Framework
Customs to customs network arrangments
Customs to business partnerships
Customs to other Government Agencies cooperation
What are the 5 level of economic integration ? Plus 1 example for each
Free Trade Agreement/Area (NAFTA, ASEAN, CETA, EFTA, EU-Canada, ASEAN, ...) Customs Union (EU 28, Mercosur, EACU, EAC, SACU,...) Common Market (Schengen zone, CARICOM) Economic and monetary union ( EU 17, Gulf cooperation Council, Eurasian Economic Union,...) Political Union ( US, Canada,..)
EU customs main aspects are : (7)
Common external tariff
Common custom régulations
No customs duties for trade among members
No quantitative restriction for trade among members
No fiscal union (different rate of VAT, income tax, …)
Obligation to declare trade flows (arrival, dispatch) between members states (“intrastats”)
Common définition of excisable goods, minimum duty rate, circulation requierements.
Name 5 basic movement of goods (+example)
National trade (FR-FR)
Trade within a customs Union (FR-IT)
Trade with an excluded territory of the customs union ( FR-Vatican)
Trade within the Framework of a free trade agreement (FR-Maroc)
Trade with a third party country (FR-US)
Do you need to prove the origin of a product (non agricultural nor CECA) when importing from Turkey into the EU in rder to get a reduced tariff ?
No
What document will you need to produce in order to not pay customs duties (trading with Turkey) ?
ATR
What does ATR attest ?
Status of a product
What’s the difference between origin and status ?
Origin = Place where the goods were wholly obtain or underwent their last transformation according to specific conditions Status = Place where the goods can be entered onto the national market because they have cleared customs
