International Organisations Flashcards
What is the International Grains Council (IGC)?
An inter-governmental forum for cooperation in wheat and coarse grain matters, administering the Grains Trade Convention 1995.
Is membership in the International Grains Council (IGC) mandatory for exporting/importing grains?
No, countries can import and export rice and wheat without being a member.
Which European country was ranked 4th globally for its ageing population (over 65s) in WEF data cited?
Italy.
Which Asian country, facing low birth rates, had its PM state in Jan 2023 it was “on the verge of whether we can continue to function as a society”?
Japan.
Which country has the world’s lowest fertility rate and faced a UN warning (2021) of halving its population by 2100?
South Korea.
Name the six countries bordering the Red Sea.
Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Sudan, Eritrea, and Djibouti.
What major geographical features lie north of the main body of the Red Sea?
The Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal).
How is the high evaporation loss from the Red Sea primarily compensated?
By inflow from the Gulf of Aden through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
What is the SUMED pipeline?
The Suez-Mediterranean Pipeline in Egypt, transporting oil from the Gulf of Suez to the Mediterranean as an alternative to the Suez Canal.
What share of total seaborne oil trade passed via the Suez Canal and SUMED pipeline in the first half of 2023?
Approximately 12%.
What share of global LNG trade passed via the Suez Canal and SUMED pipeline in the first half of 2023?
Approximately 8%.
What is the daily crude oil transport capacity of the SUMED pipeline?
2.5 million barrels per day.
Which Latin American country faced inflation surpassing 160% and 40% poverty according to the document (context likely late 2023/early 2024)?
Argentina.
What was Argentina’s approximate annual inflation rate in February 2025?
It fell significantly to 66.9%.
What groups were involved in the conflict that began in Sudan in mid-April 2023?
The Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF).
Did Turkey withdraw from NATO as of early 2024?
No, Turkey remained a member.
What is a major contributing factor to the large refugee crisis originating from Venezuela (over 7.7 million since 2014)?
Deep economic crisis, repression, and democratic breakdown.
Which country possesses the world’s largest estimated oil reserves (over 300 billion barrels)?
Venezuela.
Geographically, what does the Sahel region represent in Africa?
A transition zone between the Sudanian savannas to the south and the Sahara desert to the north.
What were some chronic challenges faced by countries in the Sahel region mentioned in the document?
Political instability, armed rebellions, and governance issues since the 1960s.
How many Sahelian countries experienced coups (military or constitutional) between roughly 2020 and 2023?
Seven countries were mentioned: Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Niger, Gabon, Tunisia, Chad, and Sudan [cite: 212, 12.1].
Is the World Toilet Organization (WTO) an agency of the United Nations?
No.
Name three initiatives associated with the World Toilet Organization (WTO).
World Toilet Summit, World Toilet Day, and World Toilet College.
What major crises were affecting Somalia according to the document (context likely 2023)?
Catastrophic hunger from extreme drought (5 failed rainy seasons) and protracted civil strife/conflict.
When was the EU-US Trade and Technology Council (TTC) established?
June 15, 2021.
What is the stated primary purpose of the EU-US TTC?
To coordinate approaches on key global trade, economic, and technology issues and deepen transatlantic relations.
Does the EU-US TTC aim to bring technological progress under joint control?
No, the stated aim is coordination of approaches, not control.
What is a key objective of the TTC regarding the internet?
Promoting values for an open, free, global, interoperable, reliable, and secure Internet.
What is the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) within the European Union?
A set of rules designed to ensure sound public finances and coordinate fiscal policies among member states.
What is the government budget deficit limit set by the SGP for EU member states?
Below 3% of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
What government debt level is targeted under the SGP for EU member states?
Below 60% of GDP.
Does the Stability and Growth Pact mandate the sharing of infrastructure or technology among members?
No.
What is the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM)?
The first inter-governmentally negotiated UN agreement covering all dimensions of international migration holistically.
Is the Global Compact for Migration (GCM) legally binding on states that endorse it?
No, it is not legally binding.
Name three countries that voted against the UN General Assembly resolution endorsing the GCM in 2018.
United States, Hungary, Israel, Czech Republic, Poland (any three).
Where are North Kivu and Ituri provinces, known for recent armed conflict and civilian deaths, located?
Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
The Nagorno-Karabakh region is a long-standing point of conflict between which two countries?
Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Kherson and Zaporizhzhia, sites of conflict and annexation referendums mentioned in the document, are regions in which country?
Ukraine.
Where is the Donbas region located?
Eastern Ukraine, encompassing Donetsk and Luhansk areas.
Where is Kachin State, mentioned in the context of a military airstrike?
Northern Myanmar.
Where is the Tigray region, site of conflict starting in November 2020?
Northern Ethiopia.
Which two Arab states established full diplomatic relations with Israel via peace treaties in 1979 and 1994 respectively?
Egypt and Jordan.
What is the core proposal of the Arab Peace Initiative (2002)?
Normalization of relations by Arab states with Israel in exchange for Israeli withdrawal from territories occupied since 1967 and a just settlement for Palestinian refugees.
Did Israel formally accept the Arab Peace Initiative in its entirety, according to the document?
No.
Name three African countries mentioned as experiencing successful military coups between 2020-2021.
Chad (April 2021), Guinea (September 2021), Mali (August 2020). (Sudan also experienced complex transitions involving the military).
What are the competing names for the disputed islands in the East China Sea claimed by both Japan and China?
Senkaku Islands (Japan) and Diaoyu Islands (China).
What is the maximum breadth of the territorial sea a state can claim under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)?
Up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline.
Under UNCLOS, do ships of all states enjoy the right of innocent passage through another state’s territorial sea?
Yes, subject to the provisions of the Convention.
What is the maximum extent of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) from the baseline under UNCLOS?
200 nautical miles.
Is India a founding member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)?
Yes, and it holds the second-highest voting share after China.
Where and when will the 2025 AIIB Annual Meeting take place?
June 24-26, 2025, in Beijing, China.
What is the theme of the 2025 AIIB Annual Meeting?
“Connecting for Development, Collaborating for Prosperity”.
When did India become an official member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)?
2018
What is the primary objective of the MTCR?
To limit the proliferation of missiles and missile technology.
When did India and Pakistan officially join the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) as full members?
June 9, 2017, at the Astana summit.
Name the nine member states of the SCO mentioned in the document.
China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Iran.
What economic strategy has been central to Vietnam’s recent growth?
Export-led growth and global integration.
Was Vietnam’s economy resilient during the initial COVID-19 shock in 2020?
Yes, it was one of the few countries to register GDP growth that year.
What is the political system of Vietnam described as in the document?
A one-party communist state.
What factor related to labour significantly contributed to Vietnam’s manufacturing growth?
Abundance of low-wage labour.
What is the main role of the UN Credentials Committee?
To examine the credentials of Member State representatives and report its findings to the General Assembly.
Who appoints the nine members of the UN Credentials Committee?
The General Assembly, based on the proposal of the President.
Which UN body grants Permanent Observer Status?
The UN General Assembly.
Which committee reviews applications for UN Observer Status before the General Assembly considers them?
The Sixth Committee (Legal).
Which organization was granted UN Permanent Observer Status in December 2021?
International Solar Alliance (ISA).
Where is the Bidibidi Refugee Settlement, one of the world’s largest, located?
Yumbe district, northwestern Uganda [cite: 307, 7.1].
Refugees from which country predominantly reside in the Bidibidi settlement?
South Sudan.
Where is the Dadaab refugee camp complex situated?
Dadaab, Kenya.
What was the approximate refugee population in Dadaab as of January 2025?
Around 419,155 refugees and asylum-seekers.
What was the previous name of the Organization of Turkic States?
Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States (Turkic Council).
Name the four founding members of the Organization of Turkic States.
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Türkiye.
Which country joined the Organization of Turkic States as a full member in October 2019?
Uzbekistan.
Which country initiated the idea for International Mother Language Day (Feb 21st)?
Bangladesh.
What is the primary mandate of the International Seabed Authority (ISA)?
To regulate mineral-related activities in the international seabed area beyond national jurisdiction, including exploration and exploitation.
In what year did India gain the status of a “Pioneer Investor” for deep-sea nodule exploration?
1987
In which ocean basin was India allocated an area for polymetallic nodule exploration?
Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB).
Which CGIAR research program launched the Climate-Smart Villages (CSV) initiative?
Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS).
What is ICRISAT?
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, a CGIAR Research Center focusing on agriculture in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
How is the ‘Right to the City’ generally defined?
The right of all inhabitants to use, occupy, and shape just, inclusive, and sustainable cities as a common good.
According to the document, should states deny public services to unauthorized colonies under the ‘Right to the City’ concept?
No, the document implies states should not deny services or facilities.
Which two organizations jointly run the ‘Tree City of the World’ program?
The Arbor Day Foundation and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Which Indian city was recognized as a 2020 Tree City of the World?
Hyderabad.
Approximately what percentage of world GDP do G20 members represent?
More than 80%.
Approximately what percentage of international trade do G20 members represent?
0.75
Which country is a permanent guest invitee to the G20?
Spain.
Which country holds the G20 Presidency in 2025?
South Africa.
Is the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) legally binding?
Yes, it is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption treaty.
Does UNCAC include provisions for the recovery and return of stolen assets?
Yes.
Does UNCAC contain a specific protocol against the smuggling of migrants?
No.
Which UN body assists states in implementing both UNCAC and the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC)?
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
What index does the World Justice Project (WJP) release annually?
The Rule of Law Index.
Under which Indian Act are Geographical Indications (GIs) protected?
The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration & Protection) Act, 1999.
Compliance with which WTO agreement prompted India’s GI legislation?
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).
Name a recently GI-tagged agricultural product from Meghalaya (as of early 2025).
Lakadong Turmeric.
Name a recently GI-tagged handicraft from Arunachal Pradesh (as of early 2025).
Tai Khamti Textile.
Which country holds the ASEAN Chairmanship and hosts the summits in 2025?
Malaysia.
What are the ILO’s eight “fundamental conventions” considered essential for rights at work?
They cover freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining, elimination of forced labour, abolition of child labour, and elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation.
What does the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work require member states to do?
To respect, promote, and realize these fundamental principles, regardless of whether they have ratified the specific conventions.
Name the five original founding members of ASEAN in 1967.
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
Which five countries joined ASEAN later, bringing the total membership to ten?
Brunei (1984), Vietnam (1995), Laos PDR & Myanmar (1997), and Cambodia (1999).
What are the three pillars that constitute the ASEAN Community, established in 2015?
ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC), ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC).
What does RCEP stand for?
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.
RCEP includes the 10 ASEAN members plus which five trading partners?
Australia, China, Japan, Republic of Korea, and New Zealand.
Which country, initially part of RCEP negotiations, decided not to join the final agreement?
India.
When did the RCEP agreement officially enter into force?
January 1, 2022.
What is the primary role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)?
To serve as the global centre for cooperation in the nuclear field, promoting safe, secure, and peaceful uses of nuclear technology.
What is the relationship between the IAEA and the UN?
It is an independent international organization within the UN system, reporting to the General Assembly and Security Council.
What is the main goal of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)?
To prevent the spread of nuclear weapons/technology, promote peaceful nuclear energy use, and pursue nuclear disarmament.
What is the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)?
A group of nuclear supplier countries aiming to prevent proliferation by controlling exports of nuclear-related materials and technology.
Is India currently a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) as of early 2025?
No, India’s application remains pending, with no decision expected soon.
What is the purpose of the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body (DSB)?
To help members resolve trade disputes arising under WTO agreements.
What is the current operational status of the WTO’s Appellate Body?
It is unable to hear new appeals due to insufficient members.
What is the main objective of the WTO’s Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA)?
To streamline customs procedures and expedite the movement, release, and clearance of goods across borders.
When did the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) enter into force?
February 22, 2017.
What decision was made regarding the e-commerce moratorium at the 13th WTO Ministerial Conference (MC13)?
It was extended for another two years (until MC14 or March 31, 2026), maintaining the practice of not imposing customs duties on electronic transmissions.
What is the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC)?
An inter-governmental UN body responsible for promoting and protecting human rights globally.
How long is the term for a member of the UNHRC, and can they be immediately re-elected after serving two consecutive terms?
The term is three years, and members are not eligible for immediate re-election after two consecutive terms.
Was India a member of the UN Human Rights Council for the 2022-2024 term?
Yes.
What is the mission of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)?
To implement the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and achieve a world free from chemical weapons.
Where is the OPCW headquartered?
The Hague, Netherlands.
What is the primary mandate of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)?
To combat money laundering, terrorist financing, and proliferation financing by setting standards and promoting effective implementation.
What is the difference between the FATF’s “grey list” and “black list”?
Grey list = Jurisdictions under Increased Monitoring working with FATF; Black list = High-Risk Jurisdictions subject to a Call for Action due to significant deficiencies.
Which two countries were added to the FATF grey list in February 2025?
Laos and Nepal.
Which country was removed from the FATF grey list in February 2025?
Philippines.
What is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations?
The International Court of Justice (ICJ).
Where is the International Court of Justice (ICJ) located?
The Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands.
What are the two primary functions of the ICJ?
Settling legal disputes between States (contentious cases) and providing advisory opinions on legal questions referred by UN organs/agencies.
How many judges serve on the ICJ, and for what term length?
15 judges elected for nine-year terms.
What does the acronym BRICS represent?
Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
When did South Africa join the original BRIC group?
2010
What is the name of the financial institution established by the BRICS countries?
The New Development Bank (NDB).
What does OECD stand for, and what is its main goal?
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; promotes policies for global economic and social well-being.
Is India a full member of the OECD?
No, India is a Key Partner of the OECD, not a full member.
What are the ‘Two Pillars’ developed under the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS?
Pillar One deals with profit reallocation for large MNEs; Pillar Two introduces a global minimum tax rate.
What is ‘Amount B’ under OECD’s Pillar One, for which a consolidated report was released in Feb 2025?
A simplified transfer pricing approach for baseline marketing and distribution activities.
Which countries form the Group of Seven (G7)?
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the US (the EU also participates).
Does the G7 operate with a formal constitution or headquarters?
No, it is an informal bloc.
Which country will host the G7 Summit in 2025, and where?
Canada will host the summit in Kananaskis, Alberta (June 15-17).
What are some key focus areas for the 2025 G7 Summit?
Building inclusive economies, fighting climate change, and managing rapidly evolving technologies.
When was the International Energy Agency (IEA) established, and why?
1974, within the OECD framework, in response to the 1973-74 oil crisis.
What is the primary focus of the IEA?
Ensuring reliable, affordable, and clean energy (Energy Security, Economic Development, Environmental Protection).
What was India’s membership status with the IEA as per the document, and what recent step was taken?
Associate Member; India submitted a formal request for full membership in October 2023.
What are two key prerequisites for full IEA membership?
Being an OECD member and holding strategic oil reserves equivalent to 90 days of net imports.
What is the Wassenaar Arrangement concerned with?
Export controls for conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies.
When did India join the Wassenaar Arrangement?
December 2017.
What is the objective of the Australia Group?
To prevent the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons through export controls.
When did India join the Australia Group?
January 2018.
What was the initial purpose of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)?
To aid the transition to market economies in Central and Eastern Europe post-Cold War.
Is India a recipient country for EBRD financing?
No, India joined as a shareholder in 2018 but is not a country of operation for EBRD funding.
What is Interpol, and where is it headquartered?
The International Criminal Police Organization, facilitating global police cooperation; headquartered in Lyon, France.
What is the role of the International Organization for Migration (IOM)?
It is the leading inter-governmental organization promoting humane and orderly migration.
What relationship does the IOM have with the UN?
IOM became a Related Organization of the UN in 2016.
What is the World Food Programme (WFP)?
The primary UN humanitarian organization focused on food assistance and addressing hunger.
What is the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)?
A specialized UN agency and financial institution focused on eradicating rural poverty and hunger.
What is the role of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP)?
The leading global environmental authority within the UN system, setting the environmental agenda.
Where is UNEP headquartered?
Nairobi, Kenya.
What is the goal of UNEP’s ‘Faith for Earth Initiative’?
To engage strategically with faith-based organizations to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
What framework does the Addis Ababa Action Agenda provide?
A global framework for financing sustainable development, adopted in 2015.
What is the objective of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030)?
To substantially reduce disaster risk and losses globally.
What is the Ramsar Convention primarily concerned with?
The conservation and wise use of Wetlands of International Importance.
How many Ramsar sites did India have as of February 2025?
89 sites.
Which two Indian states received their first Ramsar site designation in early 2025?
Jharkhand (Udhwa Lake) and Sikkim (Khecheopalri Wetland).
What class of pollutants does the Stockholm Convention target?
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
What type of waste movement does the Basel Convention aim to control?
Transboundary movements of hazardous wastes.
What procedure is central to the Rotterdam Convention?
The Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure for certain hazardous chemicals in international trade.
What specific substance does the Minamata Convention aim to control?
Mercury.
When are the next Conferences of the Parties (COPs) for the Basel, Rotterdam, and Stockholm (BRS) conventions scheduled?
April 28 - May 9, 2025, in Geneva.
What international agreement covers Geographical Indications (GIs) as an element of IPRs?
The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Articles 1(2) and 10).
Which WTO agreement also covers Geographical Indications?
The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement (Articles 22 to 24).
What does a Geographical Indication typically convey about a product?
An assurance of quality and distinctiveness attributable to its origin in a specific geographical locality, region, or country.
Which state leads India in the number of GI-tagged products as of early 2025?
Uttar Pradesh, followed by Tamil Nadu.
What was the first product in India to receive a GI tag?
Darjeeling Tea (in 2004-05).
Name two “fundamental” ILO Conventions related to child labour mentioned in the text.
Convention No. 138 (Minimum Age) and Convention No. 182 (Worst Forms of Child Labour).
What is the significance of ILO Convention No. 182’s ratification status?
It is the first ILO Convention to achieve universal ratification.
What obligation do ILO member states have regarding child labour, even without ratification?
To respect, promote, and realize the abolition of child labour, under the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work.
When was ASEAN established?
August 8, 1967, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration).
Name the founding members of ASEAN.
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
How many member states does ASEAN currently have?
Ten.
Name some major economies ASEAN has signed Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with.
Australia, New Zealand, China, India, Japan, and South Korea.
What level was the India-ASEAN Strategic Partnership elevated to in 2022?
Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.
What was the approximate value of India-ASEAN bilateral trade recently?
Over USD 130 billion.
Name the joint maritime exercise conducted by India and ASEAN in 2023.
ASEAN-India Maritime Exercise (AIME).
Who initiated the Nuclear Security Summits (NSS)?
U.S. President Barack Obama in 2009.
Were the Nuclear Security Summits held under the aegis of the UN?
No, they were periodically held under the aegis of the United States (US).
What is the International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM)?
An independent group of arms-control and nonproliferation experts founded in 2006.
What is APMCHUD?
Asia Pacific Ministerial Conference on Housing and Urban Development, an inter-governmental mechanism under UN-Habitat’s aegis.
Where was the 1st APMCHUD held?
New Delhi, India, in December 2006.
Where is the permanent Secretariat of APMCHUD located?
New Delhi, India.
Which Indian ministry is the nodal ministry for APMCHUD?
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (formerly MoHUPA).
What is the Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF)?
A World Bank collaborative platform to facilitate complex infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in EMDEs.
Which types of institutions does the GIF platform coordinate efforts among?
Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), private sector investors/financiers, and governments.
What is the primary mandate of UN-Habitat?
To promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities, aiming for adequate shelter for all.
When did the Chemical Weapons Convention enter into force?
April 29, 1997.
Is the OPCW (Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons) a UN agency?
No, it is an independent, autonomous international organization working in relationship with the UN.
What are the key functions of the OPCW mentioned in the text?
Monitoring the chemical industry to prevent new weapons; providing assistance and protection to States against chemical threats.
Which organization created the Ease of Doing Business Index?
The World Bank Group.
What was the status of the World Bank’s ‘Doing Business’ report as of Sept 2021?
It was announced to be discontinued [cite: 203, 10.1].
What was the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) intended to be before the US withdrawal?
The world’s largest free trade deal, covering 40% of the global economy.
Was the TPP envisioned as a strategic alliance for maritime security?
No, it was primarily a trade agreement.
When was the first India-Africa Forum Summit held?
In 2008 in New Delhi.
Who initiated the India-Africa Summit?
Then Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.
What is Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) also known as?
Doctors Without Borders.
What type of organization is MSF?
An international humanitarian medical non-governmental organization (NGO) of French origin.
Which group of countries established the New Development Bank (NDB)?
BRICS nations.
Is membership in the NDB restricted only to BRICS nations?
No, the Bank’s membership is open to members of the UN.
Where is the headquarters of the New Development Bank (NDB)?
Shanghai.
Is Iran a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)?
No.
Name the member countries of the GCC.
Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
What form of government do all GCC member states have?
Monarchies.
What is the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)?
A global infrastructure development initiative proposed by the Chinese government in 2013.
What are the five main activities encompassed by the BRI?
Policy coordination, Trade promotion, Physical connectivity, Renminbi internationalization, and People-to-people contacts.
What is India’s primary stated concern regarding the BRI?
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) passing through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), citing sovereignty concerns.
Which institution publishes the Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR)?
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) [cite: 222, 17.1].
How often is the GFSR typically published?
Semiannually (twice a year).
What international treaty related to the WTO aims to remove trade barriers in agriculture?
The Agreement on Agriculture.
Which WTO agreement concerns the application of food safety and animal/plant health regulations?
The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement).
When did the SPS Agreement enter into force?
January 1, 1995, with the establishment of the WTO.
What is the ‘Peace Clause’ in the context of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture?
It protects a developing country’s food procurement programmes against action from WTO members if subsidy ceilings are breached.
What is Amnesty International?
A global movement campaigning to end abuses of human rights.
When was Amnesty International founded?
In 1961 by British lawyer Peter Benenson.
What major awards has Amnesty International received?
Nobel Peace Prize (1977) and UN Prize in the field of Human Rights (1978).
What was the operational status of Amnesty International India as of late 2020?
It halted operations after its bank accounts were frozen by the Enforcement Directorate.
Which institution publishes the ‘Global Economic Prospects’ (GEP) report?
The World Bank.
How often is the GEP report published?
Biannually (twice a year).
What are the two main institutions comprising the World Bank mentioned in the text?
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA).
When was the World Bank established?
In 1944 as a result of the Bretton Woods conference.
Where is the World Bank headquartered?
Washington, DC.
Which group of countries established the New Development Bank (NDB)?
BRICS countries.
Where is the NDB headquartered?
Shanghai, China.
Name some countries that joined the NDB in 2021.
Bangladesh, UAE, Uruguay, Egypt.
Name the countries that joined BRICS in Oct 2024 / Jan 2025.
Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE, Indonesia.
According to the NPT, how is a ‘Nuclear Weapons State’ defined?
A country that built and tested a nuclear explosive device before January 1, 1967.
Name the five nuclear-weapon states recognized by the NPT.
China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
When did the NPT enter into force, and when was it extended indefinitely?
Entered into force in 1970; extended indefinitely on May 11, 1995.
How many UN world conferences on women have been organized?
Four: Mexico City (1975), Copenhagen (1980), Nairobi (1985), Beijing (1995).
Which UN women’s conference marked a significant turning point for gender equality agenda?
The Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing (1995).
What key documents were adopted at the Beijing conference?
The Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action.
When was the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) established?
March 7, 1997.
How many member states does IORA have (as per the document)?
23 Member States and 10 Dialogue Partners.
Is China a member state of IORA?
No, it is a Dialogue Partner.
What is the East Asia Summit (EAS)?
The Indo-Pacific’s premier forum for strategic dialogue.
Name the non-ASEAN members of the East Asia Summit (EAS).
Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Russia, and the United States.
What did the 12th EAS Foreign Ministers’ Meeting (Aug 2022) reaffirm?
ASEAN’s central role in the EAS regional architecture.
What is APEC?
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, an intergovernmental forum of 21 Pacific Rim economies.
Is India a member of APEC?
No. It was granted observer status in 2020.
When was APEC established?
1989
Is India a member of ASEAN?
No, but it has a Free Trade Agreement with ASEAN.
Name the eight member countries of the Arctic Council.
Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States.
When was the Arctic Council formally established?
1996 via the Ottawa Declaration.
What is India’s status in the Arctic Council?
Observer Status.
What is Wetlands International described as in the text?
The only global not-for-profit organization dedicated to the conservation and restoration of wetlands.
What does the acronym BRICS stand for?
Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
When was the term BRIC coined and by whom?
In 2001 by British Economist Jim O’Neill.
When did South Africa join BRIC to form BRICS?
December 2010.
Which institution publishes the ‘World Economic Outlook’ (WEO) report?
The International Monetary Fund (IMF).
How often is the WEO published/updated?
Published twice a year and partly updated 3 times a year.
What indicator does the Human Development Index (HDI) use to measure standard of living?
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (PPP$). (Note: Document mentions GDP, but HDI uses GNI).
What aspects does the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) use to measure standard of living?
Deprivations in Cooking fuel, Sanitation, Drinking water, Housing, Electricity, Assets, Child mortality, Nutrition, Years of schooling, School attendance.
What is the objective of the Australia Group (AG)?
To minimize the risk of exporting countries assisting chemical and biological weapons proliferation.
What does the Wassenaar Arrangement control exports of?
Conventional arms and Dual-Use Goods and technologies.
When did India join the Australia Group and the Wassenaar Arrangement?
Wassenaar Arrangement: Dec 2017. Australia Group: Jan 2018 [cite: 276, 14.1].
What is one of the main objectives of the IMF mentioned in the text?
To foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote employment and economic growth, and reduce poverty.
What type of financial disequilibrium does IMF support help member countries address?
Short-term and medium-term Balance of Payments (BOP) disequilibrium.
What is the WTO’s Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM)?
A protection measure allowed for developing countries against agricultural imports causing injury to domestic farmers.
What is the Bank for International Settlements (BIS)?
An international financial institution providing banking services for central banks and a forum for policy discussion. Often called the “central bank for central banks”.
Is the BIS part of the United Nations system?
No.
Where is the BIS headquartered?
Basel, Switzerland.
What committee, based at the BIS, is responsible for the Basel Accords?
The Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (BCBS).
Name two affiliates of the World Bank designated as specialized UN agencies mentioned in the text.
International Development Association (IDA) and International Finance Corporation (IFC).
What was the aim of the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress (Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission)?
To identify the limits of GDP as an indicator and assess alternative measurement tools for economic performance and social progress.
What are two limitations of GDP highlighted by the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission?
It doesn’t fully account for non-market activities (like household work) and doesn’t reflect distributional effects of growth.
What is the Codex Alimentarius?
A collection of international food standards, guidelines, and codes of practice adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC).
Which two UN organizations established the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC)?
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO).
Why are Codex standards significant for international trade?
They are referenced in the WTO’s SPS Agreement and can help resolve trade disputes.
What recent proposal by India was accepted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission?
Proposal for the development of global standards for millets.
According to UN-Habitat’s 2009 report, which region showed the fastest urbanization growth rate?
Asian regions.
What is the “New Urban Agenda” mentioned in the text?
An action-oriented document adopted at Habitat III (2016) setting global standards for sustainable urban development.
According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, what defines a ‘child’?
Every human being below the age of eighteen years, unless majority is attained earlier under applicable law.
Name three rights of the child mentioned in the Convention text.
Right to life, survival & development; right to express opinions freely & be heard; right to rest, play & participate in cultural/creative activities.
What did the UN Secretary-General note regarding India in the 2023 report on Children and Armed Conflict?
That progress had been made, leading to India’s removal from the report for that year (following earlier reports identifying violations).
How often does the European Council typically meet?
Every three months (as per the document).
What is a key role of the European Council?
Setting general policy objectives for the EU and dealing with sensitive political matters.
What are the four main responsibilities of the European Commission listed?
Propose legislation, manage EU policy & budget, act as guardian of treaties (monitor compliance), represent EU in external trade negotiations.
Who leads the European Commission?
Its President and Commissioners (one per country).
Who are the members of the European Council?
Heads of state/government of the 27 EU member states, the European Council President, and the President of the European Commission.
What ongoing negotiations are happening between the EU and India?
Negotiations for trade agreement, investment protection agreement, and agreement on geographical indications (GIs).
What Council was established recently between the EU and India?
EU-India Trade and Technology Council (announced Feb 2023).
What is the International Development Association (IDA)?
A World Bank affiliate established in 1960 providing concessional lending to the world’s poorest countries.
Who administers the IDA?
The same officers and staff who administer the IBRD.
What is the purpose of the World Economic Forum (WEF) Crystal Awards?
To celebrate leading artists and cultural figures whose leadership inspires inclusive and sustainable change.
Who received a WEF Crystal Award in 2020 for raising mental health awareness?
Deepika Padukone.
How many member states does the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) have?
54 member states.
How are ECOSOC members elected?
By a 2/3rd majority of the UN General Assembly for a three-year term, based on geographical representation.
India is currently a member of which functional commission of ECOSOC (term 2021-2025)?
UN Commission on the Status of Women (UNCSW).
How many members does the UN Security Council have in total?
Fifteen (15) Members.
Name the five permanent members (P5) of the UN Security Council.
China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, United States of America.
How are the ten non-permanent members of the UN Security Council elected?
Elected each year (five) by the General Assembly for a two-year term.
What does G8 refer to (as per the document)?
Group of eight highly industrialized nations (France, Germany, Italy, UK, Japan, US, Canada, Russia - Note: Russia’s membership is suspended).
What is the current status of Russia’s membership in the G8?
Suspended in 2014, Russia announced permanent withdrawal in 2017/2018; the group now functions as the G7.
When was the G7 formed?
1975
When did Russia formally join the G7 to make it the G8?
1998
Why was Russia’s membership in the G8 suspended in 2014?
In response to its occupation and annexation of Crimea.
What does NAMA stand for in WTO negotiations?
Non-Agricultural Market Access.
What is the scope of NAMA negotiations?
Discussing terms for reducing/eliminating tariffs and non-tariff barriers on industrial products.
Name some product categories covered under NAMA.
Marine products, chemicals, textiles, clothing, engineering products, electronics, automobiles, etc.
Which country withdrew completely from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in 2008?
Georgia.
Which three former Soviet Republics (Baltic states) are not members of the CIS?
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
What are some objectives of the CIS?
Support member states’ economic/social development, ensure human rights, promote peace/security cooperation, peaceful dispute settlement.
Name some areas of cooperation within the CIS mentioned recently.
Economy, finance, security, humanitarian issues, legal matters, ICT, cybersecurity.
Who is the Founder of the World Economic Forum (WEF)?
Professor Klaus Schwab.
Where is the Asian Development Bank (ADB) headquartered?
Manila, Philippines.
What type of assistance does the ADB provide?
Loans, technical assistance, grants, and equity investments for social and economic development.
Name some recent ADB activities/projects mentioned in India.
Support for land leasing, Bengaluru transit-oriented development, aid to poultry farmers, financial literacy programs.
Where is the permanent secretariat of APEC based?
Singapore.
Where is the headquarters of ASEAN located?
Jakarta, Indonesia.
When and where was OPEC founded?
Baghdad, Iraq, in September 1960.
Name the five founding members of OPEC.
Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela.
How many member countries does OPEC currently have (as per the document)?
13
Name three countries mentioned that suspended or terminated their OPEC membership at some point.
Ecuador, Indonesia, Qatar.
What is a likely impact on India of OPEC+ announcing oil production cuts?
Higher global oil prices, potentially leading India to increase imports from non-OPEC+ sources like the Americas.
Is East Timor currently a full member state of ASEAN?
No, but it was admitted as an observer in 2022 and is on a roadmap to full membership [cite: 246, 5.1].
What step did India announce regarding East Timor at the 2023 India-ASEAN Summit?
Opening an Indian Embassy in Dili.
How many member countries does the European Union (EU) have (as per the document)?
27
Is Switzerland a member of the EU?
No.
What is the primary purpose of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)?
To prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of sensitive materials, equipment, and technology.
How many members does the NSG have (as of 2023 in the document)?
48
Is India a member of the NSG?
No.
What is the current status of India’s NSG membership bid?
Stalled; NSG plenaries (including 2023) have ended inconclusively on membership for non-NPT states.
What was the official name of the Bretton Woods Conference?
United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference.
Which two major international institutions were established as a result of the Bretton Woods Conference?
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD - part of World Bank) and International Monetary Fund (IMF).
What was the purpose of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg (2002)?
To review progress since the 1992 Rio conference and agree on a new global deal on sustainable development.
How does the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) rank in size among international organizations?
Second largest after the United Nations (with 57 member states).
What is the stated purpose of the OIC?
To be the collective voice of the Muslim world and safeguard its interests while promoting international peace.
Where is the OIC headquartered?
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
What is the mandate of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) / Doctors Without Borders?
To provide medical assistance to people affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters, or healthcare exclusion.
On what date are the Nobel Prizes presented annually?
December 10th, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death.
How many fields were originally awarded Nobel Prizes? Name them.
Five: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.
Which Nobel Prize field was added later, in 1968?
Economics (Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel).
Name some recipients whose Nobel Peace Prizes have generated controversy.
Abiy Ahmed (Ethiopia), Barack Obama (USA), Arafat/Rabin/Peres (Palestine/Israel), Henry Kissinger (USA).
Where does the WEF hold its well-known annual meeting?
Davos, Switzerland.
Is Bangladesh a member of ASEAN?
No.
When was the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) founded?
1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Is Estonia a member of the CIS?
No.
What is the Nordic Council?
A geo-political inter-parliamentary forum for cooperation between Nordic countries.
Name the founding members of the Nordic Council (formed 1952).
Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
Name other members/regions that joined the Nordic Council later.
Finland (1955), Faroe Islands & Åland (1970), Greenland (1984).
Is the United Kingdom a member of the Nordic Council?
No.
What was a recent theme for a Nordic Council session mentioned?
“Peace and Security in the Arctic” (2024 Session in Reykjavik).
Which country joined the Nordic Council in 1955?
Finland.
Which territories joined the Nordic Council in 1970 and 1984 respectively?
Faroe Islands & Åland (1970), Greenland (1984).
When was the Charter of the United Nations signed?
June 26, 1945, in San Francisco.
When did the UN Charter come into force?
October 24, 1945.
Did India sign the UN Charter on the initial signing date?
Yes, India signed on June 26, 1945, along with 49 other countries.
What were the League of Nations Mandates renamed after the UN Charter came into force?
United Nations Trust Territories.
What types of territories did the UN Trusteeship System apply to under Article 77?
Territories held under League of Nations Mandates, and territories detached from enemy states after WWII.
What is the current status of the UN Trust Territories?
All 11 former Trust Territories have achieved self-governance (independence or joining neighbours); the last was Palau in 1994.
What is the current operational status of the UN Trusteeship Council?
Suspended operations on November 1, 1994, as its mission was fulfilled, though it formally still exists.
Which institution publishes the World Development Report (WDR)?
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) / World Bank.
Since when has the WDR been published annually?
Since 1978 [cite: 277, 2.1].
What was the theme of the World Development Report (WDR) 2023?
Migrants, Refugees, and Societies.
What were the themes of WDR 2022 and WDR 2021?
WDR 2022: Finance for an Equitable Recovery; WDR 2021: Data for Better Lives.
Is the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) a specialized agency of the UN?
Yes, it is one of the specialized agencies.
When was WIPO created, and what is its stated purpose?
Created in 1967 “to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world”.
Where is WIPO headquartered?
Geneva.
According to the WIPO WIPI 2024 report, what milestone did India achieve?
Secured a spot in the global top 10 for patent, trademark, and industrial design filings.
According to the WIPI 2024 report, how did India’s patent application growth rate compare?
Recorded the fastest growth (+15.7%) among the top 20 origins in 2023, marking the fifth consecutive year of double-digit growth.
Match the organization with its primary function: WTO
Multilateral trade negotiation body.
Match the organization with its primary function: IDA
Sanction of soft loans.
Match the organization with its primary function: IMF
Provides loans to address short-term balance of payment problems.
Match the organization with its primary function: IBRD
Facilitating lending and borrowing for reconstruction and development.
