International ORG on Ag Flashcards
Question
Answer
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization
The FAO Headquarters is located in the city centre of Rome, near the Circo Massimo and close to the Colosseum
1945. In Quebec City, Canada, the first session of the newly created United Nations establishes the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as a specialized UN agency. Washington D.C. is designated as a temporary FAO headquarters
1946. -The first World Food Survey
1950- The World Census of Agriculture
1951-FAO moves to Rome
IFAD
International Fund for Agricultural Development, Its headquarters is in Rome, Italy, and is a member of the United Nations Development Group
Bhutan became a member of IFAD in 1978. Engagement with IFAD constitutes empowering poor rural people to achieve greater food security and higher incomes, while ensuring environmental sustainability.Bhutan became a member of the IMF in 1981.
WFP
World Food Programme
The World Food Program (WFP) is a joint program of the United Nations and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). It was founded in December 1961 and began its activities in 1963. The World Food Programme is the United Nations’ largest humanitarian organisation in the fight against hunger in the world.
ICRISAT
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India,
1972
CGIAR
Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers, 15 Centers,1971; 53 years ago (France)
The Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centres (CGIAR) is an international entity headquartered in France that operates global
IRRI
International Rice Research Institute, 1960
Dr. Yvonne Pinto
Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
IPPC
Rome, Italy.
International Plant Protection Convention. International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) is an intergovernmental treaty signed by over
180 countries, aiming to protect the world’s plant resources from the spread and introduction of
pests, and promoting safe trade.
Since 2000, the Bhutan Agriculture and Food Regulatory Authority (BAFRA) under the Ministry
of Agriculture and Forests is designated as the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO)
and Head of BAFRA as the Official Contact Point for IPPC. As a member of IPPC, Bhutan has
an obligations and prerogatives to participate in developing international standards vis-Ã-vis
plant health, exchange of technical/ phytosanitary information between contracting parties and
Regional Plant Protection Organizations (RPPOs) to facilitate international trade of plants and
plant products through implementation of International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures
(ISPMs).
IFPRI
International Food Policy Research Institute
Washington, D.C., US
1975
ILRI
International Livestock Research Institute
GFAR
Global Forum on Agricultural Research
Rome
Location
Italy Italy
1996
ICARDA
International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
Beirut, Lebanon
1977
OIE
World Organisation for Animal Health
IFDC
International Fertilizer Development Center
APAARI
Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions
CABI
Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International
Wallingford, United Kingdom
IITA
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
The IITA Headquarters was founded in 1967 and is located in Ibadan, Nigeria.
ICAR
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
CIFOR
Center for International Forestry Research
IWMI
International Water Management Institute
WFO
World Farmers’ Organisation
(ARID),
Agriculture Research and Innovation Division
(AFACI)
Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative
SFP
Soil fertility Program
The Soil Fertility Program (SFP) was established in 1996 as the Sustainable Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Management (SSF & PNM) Project with financial support from the Government of the Netherlands under the Sustainable Development Agreement (SDA) for a period of five years (1996-2000). At the end of the Project, the Program continued with the activities initiated during the Project period.
The specific mandate of this Program is:
To assess countrywide soil nutrient budget To establish nationwide fertilizer programme To develop efficient soil-plant nutrient management system
SSP
Soil survey program
Soil Survey Program alias Bhutan Soil Survey Project (BSSP) was executed through an inter-governmental agreement between the Royal Government of Bhutan and the Government of Denmark as a stand-alone project in September 1996. Later in December 2006, it was integrated into the Danida funded Environmental & Urban Sector Program Support. The support phased out in December 2006 after which the SSP a.k.a. Soil Survey Unit (SSU) was established.
Its primary aim is to ensure the availability of essential soil information for making informed decisions regarding land use planning, soil conservation, and crop suitability assessments.
The Program is mandated to: –
Carry out soil surveys at various scales for various purposes for diverse clients Study the land in the kingdom and compile soil and land suitability maps Develop a National Soil Classification system and, in collaboration with other stakeholders, a system for Land Evaluation to enable the sustainable use of the existing soil and land resources leading to formalized Land Use Planning Develop an integrated Soils Database Management System (DBMS) and a Geographic Information System (GIS) – to collate and manipulate all the collected soils data to allow easy generation of data for proper administration & planning Compile a National Soil Map of Bhutan Collaborating with international institutes on Bhutanese soil research. Providing technical expertise to the Department of Agriculture for land swapping activities
SMP
Soil microbiology program
The Soil Microbiology Program started in 1981 as an Inoculant Production Facility under the (then) Department of Animal Husbandry at Serbithang. The program produced Rhizobium inoculants for pasture legumes. With the onset of restructuring within the Ministry of Agriculture, the IPU was transferred to the National Plant Protection Centre (NPPC) at Semtokha where inoculant production continued. In 1999 the program was relocated to NSSC and thereafter has been fully engaged in the NSSC programs.
Manpower
A research officer trained at the University of Reading, UK heads the program and two senior technicians support him.
Services Provided
The Program has the following capabilities to:
The program caters to the microbial inoculant requirement of the country through production and supply.
Improve soil fertility and crop productivity through promotion of organic soil amendments (composts, biological nitrogen fixation, EM technology and vermi-composts). This program has developed simple technologies that could be used by the extension agents in dealing with activities related to promoting organic soil amendments, such as:
Composting
Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF)
Vermi-composting
What makes a soil fertil
LMP
The Land Management Program has been established from July 2013 after the termination of Sustainable Land Management Program (2006-13) funded by GEF/World Bank that focused on three pilot Dzongkhags (Chukha, Trashigang & Zhemgang). The Program is mandated to provide technical backstopping to the activities initiated by the project and also assist in up-scaling them to other Dzongkhags
SPAL
Soil and plant analytical laboratory
he Soil & Plant Analytical Lab was established with the financial support from the European Union in the early 1990s to provide analytical services to the agriculture sector. The services to-date, are provided free of cost.
RSLMS
regional soil and land management system.
GCF
green climate fund
ISRIC
International Soil Reference and Information Centre
ICIMOD
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Dr Pema Gyamtsho is the Director General for ICIMOD, a regional knowledge-centre based in Kathmandu, NepaL, December 5, 1983
(BRECSA)
Building Resilent Commercial Smallholder Agriculture
(GASP)
Global Agriculture and Food Security Program
(AFTEA)
Agri-Food Tech Expo Asia
CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION (CAC)
Codex Alimentarius Commission is an international food standards body established jointly
by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) of
the United Nations in May 1963, with the objective of protecting consumer health and ensuring
fair practices in food trade. Currently, the Codex Alimentarius Commission has 189 Codex
Members made up of 188 Member Countries and 1 Member Organization (The European
Union). Bhutan became a member of Codex Alimentarius in 1999.
BAFRA, as the National Competent Authority for food safety, is primarily responsible for the
protection of consumer health through safe food. BAFRA has been designated as the National
Codex Contact Point (NCCP) since 2003. The head of BAFRA, as the NCCP functions as the
central coordination point for all Codex activities within Bhutan. The NCCP also serves as the
Member Secretary to the National Codex Committee (NCC) and coordinates all relevant Codex
activities within Bhutan
(ISPMs).
International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures
WTO SPS ENQUIRY POINT
The SPS Enquiry Point has been established to answer all reasonable questions regarding SPS
measures both at domestic and international levels and provide relevant supporting documents.
This allows trading partners to be aware of and to meet expectations and trade requirements
more readily thus contributing to the trade facilitation process and increase trade activity in both
imports and exports. The Enquiry Point is an information center where domestic, regional and
international stakeholders can request and obtain information about Bhutan’s and other country’s
measures, regulations, standards, test procedures, certification requirements, etc
(CPB)
CARTAGENA PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY (16th may 2000)
Bhutan became a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1995 and ratified the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) in 2002. As obligated under this protocol
(http://bch.cbd.int/protocol/text/) and in an effort to protect animals and human health from the
unintended effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), the Biosafety Act of Bhutan
was enacted in 2015, and Biosafety Rules and Regulations in 2018. BAFRA is designated as a
national focal point for CPB and national competent authority for the implementation and
enforcement of the biosafety legislation.
The detail of the CPB-Bhutan is as below
GRAIN
Genetic Resources Action International,
In 1990, Genetic Resources Action International, or GRAIN for short, was legally established as an independent non-profit foundation with its headquarters in Barcelona, Spain.
(INFOSAN)
The International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN) 2004 is a joint FAO/WHO entity
which assists Member States in managing food safety risks and in ensuring rapid sharing of
information during food safety emergencies. The aim is to stop the spread of contaminated food
from one country to another. INFOSAN also facilitates the sharing of experiences and tested
solutions at the national level and between countries in order to optimize future interventions to
protect the health of consumers. National authorities of 188 Member States are part of this
network. The INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point (ECP) is responsible for reporting urgent
food safety events and responding to verification requests from the INFOSAN Secretariat.
INFOSAN Focal Points (FP) work with the INFOSAN ECP on food safety events, share
information and disseminate information from INFOSAN as appropriate. The INFOSAN ECP
for Bhutan is located in the Bhutan Agriculture and Food Regulatory Authority (BAFRA),
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (MoAF).
The detail of INFOSAN ECP is as follows;
(CIMMYT
s. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), one of fifteen CGIAR research centers, helps to improve the lives in developing countries by encouraging more productive, sustainable maize and wheat farming.
El Batán, near Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
1943, 1966 and officially established in 1971
DDT
(dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) was developed as the first of the modern synthetic insecticides in the 1940s
Elemental sulfur is believed to be one of the earliest chemical pesticides. Solutions of lime sulfur were once used as dips to destroy lice. Sulfur dioxide, which was generated by burning elemental sulfur, was used to inhibit the respiration of insects and other small pests.
CGIAR
Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centres , France, 1971
CIFOR
Centre for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
CIAT
International Center for Tropical Agriculture , Cali, Columbia
CIMMYT
The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center , Mexico, 1966
CIP
(International Potato Centre), Lima, Peru
south america
IBPGR
International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, Italy
ICARDA
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria
ICRAF
International Centre for Research in Agro-Forestry, Nairobi, Kenya
ICRISAT
International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
IFPRI
International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, U.S.A
IITA
International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
IIMI
International Irrigation Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
ILRI
International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
IRRI
International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
ISNAR
International Service for National Agricultural Research, The Hague, The Netherlands
IHHP
Integrated horticulture promotion project
(FSAPP
Food Security and Agriculture Productivity Project
