International Law

Question 1

State sovereignty

Answer 1

power that country has over itself

Question 1

Public international law

Answer 1

Governs relationships between sovereign states and international organisations. It deals with issues of collective concerned and is enforced through diplomatic and international bodies.

Question 2

Private international law

Answer 2

Deals with private relationships across borders, for companies and individuals. It is enforced through national courts.

Question 3

Modern international law

Answer 3

Based on the mutual consent of states, which operates as sovereign and equal entities within a decentralised legal system

Question 4

Realist school of thoughts

Answer 4

States are motivated by a sense of their own insecurity to continually find a way to increase their power

Question 4

International relations

Answer 4

explores how international actors engage, challenge and shape the legal order based on political, economic, and social factors. It examines the dynamics of power, cooperation and conflict.

Question 5

The liberalist school of thoughts

Answer 5

Cooperation and mutual benefits are achievable and often preferable, viewing international interactions as bargains struck among self-interested states

Question 6

Constructivist school of thought

Answer 6

Normative pressure and identity shifts can lead to significant changes in state behaviour.

Question 6

Marxist school of thoughts

Answer 6

International politics and economics operate as a single, interconnected system that is fundamentally unequal, with power and resources distributed unequally

Question 7

International customs

Answer 7

general practices consistently followed by states out of a sense of legal obligation

Question 8

International conventions (treaties)

Answer 8

formal agreements between states that establish rules recognised by the parties

Question 9

General principles of law

Answer 9

fundamental principles common to major legal systems, filling gaps where customs and treaties don’t apply

Question 10

Subsidiary sources

Answer 10

judicial decisions used as reference for interpretation and scholarly teachings/writings from highly qualified legal scholars serve as supplementary guidance

Question 11

human rights

Answer 11

basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth till death

Question 12

1st gen: Liberty - Civil and political rights

Answer 12

group of rights that protect individual’s freedom from infringement by governments (as well as organisations and private individuals)

Question 13

Internationalisation of Law

Answer 13

process by which legal concepts, practices and systems increasingly transcend national boundaries and become integrated on a global scale

Question 14

International business

Answer 14

trade of goods and services, capital, knowledge and technology across borders

Question 15

legal entities

Answer 15

organisation of people which has its own legal rights and legal responsibilities

Question 16

Subsidiary company

Answer 16

company owned and controlled by another company (separate legal entities)

Question 16

Branch

Answer 16

office of the company based in another location other than the main office to conduct operations (not separate legal entity)

Question 17

International Business Law

Answer 17

branch of law (= a part of private international law) that deals with the law of global commerce and transnational transactions across different jurisdictions

Question 18

lex Mercatoria

Answer 18

ensemble de règles destinées à résoudre les conflits dans un cadre de commerce international et sans faire référence aux lois

Question 19

UNIDROIT

Answer 19

Institut international pour l’unification du droit privé

Question 20

INCOTERMS

Answer 20

règles qui établissent le partage des risques, des responsabilités et des coûts entre l’acheteur et le vendeur, quel que soit le mode de transport retenu