International Economics I Flashcards
Definitions
Define Absolute Advantage
If a country using the same factors of production can produce more of a product, then it has an absolute advantage.
Define Absolute Poverty
When people are unable to afford sufficient necessities to maintain
life; those on less than $1.90 a day
Define currency appreciation
An increase in the value of the currency using floating exchange rates
Define Automatic Stabilisers
Automatic stabilisers are automatic fiscal changes as the economy moves through stages of the business cycle – e.g. a fall in tax revenues from the circular flow during a recession or an increase in state welfare benefits when unemployment is rising
Define Balance of Payments
A record of all financial dealings over a period of time between
economic agents of one country and another
Define Capital Account
A part of the balance of payments; records debt forgiveness,
inheritance taxes, transfers of financial assets and sales of assets
Define Capital Expenditure
Government spending on investment goods such as new roads,
schools and hospitals, which will be consumed in over a year
What is a central bank?
A financial institution that has direct responsibility to control the money
supply and monetary policy, to manage gold reserves and foreign
currency and to issue government debt
Define a common market
Members trade freely in all economic resources and impose a
common external tariff
Define Comparative Advantage
When a country is able to produce a good more cheaply relative to
other goods produced; it has a lower opportunity cost
Define the Current Account
A part of the balance of payments; records payments for the purchase
and sale of goods and services, as well as incomes and transfers
Define currency depreciation
A fall in the value of a currency under floating exchange rates
Define currency devaluation
When the currency is decreased against another under a fixed system
Define a Developed Country
A country with a high GDP Per Capita and high standards of living
Define a Developing Country
A coutnry with a low GDP Per Capita and low standard of living
Define discretionary fiscal policy
Deliberate manipulation of government expenditure and taxes to
influence the economy; expansionary and deflationary fiscal policy
Define exhange rates
The rate at which one currency is traded against another.
Define the Financial Account
A part of the balance of payments; records FDI, portfolio investment
and the transfer of gold and currency reserves