international development Flashcards
low income country
developing countries, poorer countries- Afghanistan, Zambia, Bangladesh
high income countries
developed countries- UK, USA, Japan
newly emerging countries
countries that are developing- China, Mexico, Indonesia
10 development indicators
- years of schooling
- education- adult literacy (%)
- energy consumption
- birth rate
- death rate
- wealth- GDP
- life expectancy
- GNI
- urban population
- infant mortality rate
where are the LIC’s and HIC’s found
the north south divide
what is the north south divide line called
Braudt line
international trade
the buying and selling of goods between countries
export
when a country sells its goods or services to another
trade deficit
when a country’s imports are greater than its exports
producer
the country/people selling the goods or services
trade balance
the difference between a country’s exports and imports
consumer
the country/people buying the goods or services
import
when a country buys its goods or services from another
trade surplus
when a country earns more from its exports than it spends on imports
mono-export
when a country relies heavily on just one product/commodity
how can LIC’s improve their trade? and their problems (4)
- increase price of their LIC’s exports - demand would fall
- process raw materials into finished products that are worth more - lack of money, lack of skills. HIC’s tax processed goods that are imported
- switch to growing food rather than export crops (cash crops) - LIC’s need money from exports to repay their loans
- sell variety of crops/products - they have become specialised in these goods. poor climate may mean they can’t grow anything else
bilateral aid
when help is given from one country to another. this form of aid often has conditions attached, this is called tied aid.
multi-lateral aid
when countries give money in groups e.g. UN, EU
voluntary aid
when individuals give aid to charities (NGOs)
3 examples of short term aid
- food supplies
- water pumps
- better farming machinery
