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International Relations Exam 3 > International Development > Flashcards

International Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are two ways to reduce the N-S gap?

A
  1. Move population from the S to the N
  2. Move capital from the N to the S
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2
Q

What are the 4 capital transfer channels?

A
  1. Direct N government to S government
  2. N government to S government through an IGO
  3. N private sector and S government
  4. Other private sectors
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3
Q

What is bilateral foreign aid?

A

Direct N government to S government
Free

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4
Q

What is IGO lending?

A

N government to S government through an IGO
Loans are low interest

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5
Q

What does the world bank include?

A

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
International Development Association
International Finance Corporation
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

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6
Q

What are the regional development banks?

A

Inter-American Development Bank (1959)
African Development Bank (1964)
Asian Development Bank (1966)
Islamic Development Bank (1973)
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (1991)

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7
Q

What are private sector loans?

A

N private sector and S government
Lots of capital available

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8
Q

What are the two types of loans?

A
  1. Borrow from banks in the N
  2. Issue debt to investors (often in the N)
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9
Q

What are the other private sector channels?

A

Trade
FDI
Remittances

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10
Q

What are remittances?

A

Money that migrants earn in a host country and send to their family and relatives in their home country

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11
Q

How are remittances different from FDI and foreign aid?

A

Not transferred between companies or wealthy individuals
Not handed out by governments
Transferred between families

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12
Q

What is economic development?

A

Capital accumulation
Rising per capita incomes with consequent falling birth rates
Increasing of skills in the population
Adoption of new technological styles
Other related social and economic styles

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13
Q

What is import substitution industrialization?

A

A strategy to move up the economic developmental ladder

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14
Q

What are the 2 parts of ISI?

A

Industrialization: light > heavy manufacturing
Import-substitution: start by manufacturing the items that are imported

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15
Q

What is the government’s role in ISI?

A
  1. Obtain capital to fund the shift to manufacturing
  2. Close domestic markets to foreign producers
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16
Q

What is the washington consensus?

A

Developing countries should:
Decrease government spending
Increased law/order and strengthen property rights
Engage in free trade: cut barriers

17
Q

What is export-oriented growth?

A

Industrialize, but focus on manufactured goods that can be exported

International Relations Exam 3 (5 decks)

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