Internal Regulation Flashcards
What affects many aspects of behaviour? For example, activity levels, sleep-wake cycles.
Temperature.
What is vital to normal functioning?
Temperature regulation.
What does temperature regulation allow?
Normal functioning.
What is homoeostasis?
Maintenance of a set point.
Explain a set point, what it is related to, and some examples.
A single value that the body works to maintain, homoeostasis, and water, oxygen, glucose etc. levels.
What does poikilothermic mean?
The idea that the body temperature matches the environment.
What does ectothermic mean?
The idea that the body temperature matches the environment.
When would an organism become poikilothermic?
When it lacks the internal, physiological mechanisms of temperature regulation.
How is poikilothermic temperature regulation achieved?
Choosing locations in the environment.
What is an example of a poikilothermic animal?
Lizards, other cold-blooded animals.
What does homoeothermic mean?
Use of internal physiological mechanisms to maintain an almost constant body temperature.
What does endothermic mean?
Use of internal physiological mechanisms to maintain an almost constant body temperature.
What does homoeothermic temperature regulation require?
Energy and fuel.
How do homoeothermic animals increase and decrease temperature?
Sweating and panting to decrease temperature, and increasing temperature via shivering, decreasing blood flow, and increasing insulation.
What temperature did mammals evolve to maintain?
Roughly 37 degrees.
Why is an even temperature an advantage for mammals?
Muscle activity benefits from warmth.
If muscle activity benefits from warmth, why aren’t mammals warmer? (2)
Maintaining a higher body temperature increases energy demand, and proteins in the body break their bonds and lose their useful properties at higher temperatures.
What areas of the brain control temperature?
Pre-optic area (POA), and the anterior hypothalamus (AH).
What do the POA and AH control?
Controls panting, sweating and shivering.
What do the POA and AH receive input from? (2)
Temperature receptors in the body and the immune system.
How can the body conserve water? (3)
Excreting concentrated urine, decreasing sweat, and drinking more water than the body needs and excreting the rest.
What is vasopressin?
A hormone released by the posterior pituitary.
What does vasopressin do?
Raises blood pressure by constricting blood vessels, compensates for decreased water volume.
What is vasopressin also known as?
The anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).