Internal Medicine Flashcards
What is the triad for Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Confusion, ataxia, opthalmoplegia
What is the tetrad for Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP)?
Abdominal pain, rash (purpura w/o low platelets and coagulopathy), arthritis/arthralgia and renal injury
What is the triad for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?
Motor/gait difficulties, urinary incontinence, dementia (cognitive difficulties). MUD.
What is Beck’s Triad?
Muffled heart sounds, hypotension, elevated JVP
What is Virchow’s Triad?
Hypercoaguable state, endothelial injury, stasis
What is Cushing’s Triad/Reflex?
For increased ICP: Hypertension (systolic), irregular decreased respirations, bradycardia
What is the trauma triad of death?
Metabolic acidosis, hypothermia, coagulopathy
What are the layers of the brain starting at the skin and working down?
Skin, aponeurosis, periosteum, bone, dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
What pathway or column gives information about pain, temperature and crude touch in the CNS?
Spinothalamic pathway
What pathway or column gives information about proprioception, vibration and discriminative touch in the CNS?
Dorsal column
What are signs of a lower motor neuron lesion?
flaccid paralysis, muscle atrophy, fasiculations, absent reflexes
What are signs of an upper motor lesion?
increased muscle tone (passive resistance to stretch & spasticity), derangements of groups of muscles, increased reflexes & clonus, positive babinski reflex
What does TRAP stand for in Parkinson’s Disease? How many do you need for diagnosis?
tremor (resting), rigidity, akinesia & bradykinesia, postural instability. 2/4 of these major symptoms.
What does CREST stand for in scleroderma?
Calcinosis, raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangectasias
What’s the term for sausage finger?
Dactylitis
