Internal Factors of Ethnicity and Educational Achievement: Ethnocentrism Flashcards
Define ‘ethnocentric’.
When people are not accepting of any culture other than their own.
What did Gillborn claim about institutional racism in schools?
African Caribbean pupils’ achievement are underestimated and that even if they score highly in a test they will be put in lower sets regardless, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy. This is because teachers have stereotypical attitudes and justify lower setting by saying that it isn’t down to ability but motivation.
How does Ball’s (2008) research add validity to Gillborn’s claim about setting?
He found that black pupils were more likely to be placed in lower sets and take lower tier exams and that they are also less likely to be identified for gifted and talented programs. This is the reverse for Chinese and Indian pupils.
How does Brittain’s (1976) research add validity to Gillborn’s claim about teachers’ stereotypical attitudes?
Surveyed 510 primary and secondary school teachers and found that 2/3 of her sample perceived Black African Caribbean pupils as having a lower than average intelligence.
Summarise how teachers having a racist attitude towards ethnic minorities can create a self-fulfilling prophecy.
They will place negative labels on them leading to them taking more notice when they cause disruption which can cause them to receive more detentions and exclusions, making them miss out on their education which would then lead them to underachieve as the teachers expect them to.
Define ‘multiculturalism’.
When multiple cultures are within the same area at the same time.
What did Coard (1971) say in regards to school curriculum?
That ethnic minorities were ‘invisible’ in British curriculum leading to less relation to its content and so underachievement due to not thinking it’s as important.
Also that there is a widespread lack of understanding of the needs of Black Caribbean students.
Give an example of how the British curriculum in general is ethnocentric.
Out-of-date material is used and so there would be less representative material for ethnic minorities, leading to their underachievement.
Give an example of how the British curriculum in languages learnt is ethnocentric.
We only learn a range of European languages, excluding some of the more exotic choices such as Japanese.
Why might the idea of the British curriculum being ethnocentric no longer apply?
Attempts may be being made to widen curriculum and make it more multicultural.
Suggest a reason behind underachievement in Asian girls, particularly Pakistani and Bangladeshi.
British society encourages individualism, has a secular (anti-religious) outlook and emphasises equality. Whereas Asians favour collectivism, religious commitment and gender role differentiation.
What did Gillborn (1990) say in regards to teachers attitudes towards Asian girls?
That they hold negative stereotypes on Asian girls due to thinking that their education is of secondary importance to them and that marriage will have greater priority. This would lead to them not paying as much attention to them and having lower expectations.
Which legal act may reduce the validity of Gillborn’s claims and why?
The Forced Marriage Act (2007) reduces the priority of marriage as it means that Asian girls don’t have to get married to please their families, meaning they can focus on their education more.
What did Wright (1992) say in regards to teachers attitudes towards Asian girls?
That teachers they paid less attention to Asian girls and spoke in restricted code to them as they assumed they had poor knowledge of English.
Links
Breakdown of sections w/ sociologists:
https://revisesociology.com/2015/03/27/ethnicity-and-differential-educational-achievement-in-school-processes/
Sections w/ sociologists and evaluation:
http://revise-sociology-aqa.tumblr.com/post/82975949961/internal-factors-and-ethnic-differences-in
Detail on sections and sociologists:
https://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/sociology/inequalities/revise-it/ethnicity
Sociologists:
https://quizlet.com/206845827/as-sociology-ethnic-differences-in-achievement-internal-flash-cards/
