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Neuro I > Internal/External Brain Anatomy > Flashcards

Internal/External Brain Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the forebrain?

A

The telencephalon and diencephalon

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2
Q

What comprises the hindbrain?

A

The cerebellum, pons, and medulla.

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3
Q

What comprises the brainstem?

A

The midbrain, pons, and medulla.

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4
Q

What is the septum pellucidum?

A

A membrane separating the two lateral ventricles.

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5
Q

What are the parts of each paired lateral ventricle?

A

There is an anterior horn, the body, a posterior horn, and an inferior horn.

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6
Q

What does the telencephalon comprise?

A

The cerebral hemispheres (cortex, inner white matter, and basal ganglia).

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7
Q

What does the diencephalon comprise?

A

The thalamus and hypothalamus.

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8
Q

What does the mesencephalon comprise?

A

The midbrain.

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9
Q

What does the metencephalon comprise?

A

The cerebellum and pons.

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10
Q

What does the mylencephalon comprise?

A

The medulla.

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11
Q

What are the five cerebral lobes?

A

The frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and limbic lobes.

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12
Q

What is the limbic lobe?

A

A deep cortex lobe that encircles the diencephalon (limbic = wrap around).

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13
Q

What does the central sulcus separate?

A

The frontal from the parietal lobes.

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14
Q

What does the lateral sulcus separate?

A

The temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.

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15
Q

What does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate?

A

The parietal lobe from the occipital.

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16
Q

What does the cingulate sulcus separate?

A

It separates the limbic lobe.

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17
Q

What is the insula?

A

An area of cortex found deep within the lateral sulcus.

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18
Q

What are the areas around the insula called?

A

Regions of lobes surrounding the insula are called opercula.

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19
Q

What part of the cortex does the primary motor cortex comprise?

A

Most of the precentral gyrus.

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20
Q

What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

A

It is the origin of descending motor pathways.

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21
Q

What parts of the cortex does the premotor cortex comprise?

A

It comprises the posterior regions of the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri.

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22
Q

What is the function of the premotor cortex?

A

Planning and interpreting voluntary movement as well as eye movement.

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23
Q

What parts of the cortex does the prefrontal cortex comprise?

A

The remaining anterior frontal lobe (posterior is premotor cortex).

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24
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

A

Executive functions such as personality, insight, and planning.

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25
Q

What parts of the cortex does Broca’s area comprise?

A

The opercular and triangular parts of the inferior frontal sulcus. Usually presents only on one side (usually the left).

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26
Q

What is the function of Broca’s area?

A

It controls the motor aspects of language.

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27
Q

What does the frontal lobe account for?

A

Motor functions (consists of the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and Broca’s area).

28
Q

What does the parietal lobe account for?

A

Somatosensory areas (primary somatosensory cortex).

29
Q

What part of the cortex does the primary somatosensory cortex comprise?

A

The post-central gyrus.

30
Q

What is the function of the somatosensory cortex?

A

Initial processing of tactile, proprioceptive info, and sensory localization.

31
Q

What does the inferior parietal lobule comprise?

A

It includes the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus. Also includes part of Wernicke’s area.

32
Q

What is the superior parietal lobule involved in?

A

Spatial orientation and guiding movement.

33
Q

What does the temporal lobe account for?

A

Auditory areas (primary auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area).

34
Q

What parts of the cortex does the primary auditory cortex comprise?

A

Part of the superior temporal gyrus.

35
Q

What is the function of the primary auditory cortex?

A

It is the initial processing of auditory information.

36
Q

What part of the cortex does Wernicke’s area comprise?

A

The posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus.

37
Q

What is the function of Wernicke’s area?

A

It is involved in language comprehension.

38
Q

What does the occipital lobe account for?

A

Visual areas (primary visual cortex and visual association cortex).

39
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex found?

A

Within the calcarine sulcus.

40
Q

What are the deep structures of the brain?

A

White matter tracts, basal nuclei, and structures of the limbic system (hippocampus, amygdala, and limbic lobe).

41
Q

What are the three kinds of white matter tracts?

A

Association fibers, commissural fibers, and projection fibers.

42
Q

What do association tracts do?

A

Connect regions on one side of the brain/connect lobes.

43
Q

What are the association tracts?

A

The superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and cingulum.

44
Q

What does the superior longitudinal fasciculus connect?

A

The frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.

45
Q

What is the sub-division of the superior longitudinal fasciculus?

A

The arcuate fasciculus.

46
Q

What does the arcuate fasciculus connect?

A

The frontal to temporal lobe (connects Broca’s area to Wernicke’s area and the auditory cortex).

47
Q

What does the inferior longitudinal fasciculus connect?

A

The occipital and temporal lobes.

48
Q

What does the ucinate fasciculus connect?

A

The frontal and temporal lobes.

49
Q

Where is the ucinate fasciculus located?

A

Deep to the anterior border of the insula.

50
Q

What does the cingulum connect?

A

Structures of the limbic system (subcallosal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and uncus).

51
Q

What do the commissural tracts do?

A

Cross the midline and connect homologous areas of the cortex between the two cerebral hemispheres.

52
Q

What are the commissural tracts?

A

The corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and posterior commissure.

53
Q

What does the anterior commissure connect?

A

The temporal lobes.

54
Q

What does the posterior commissure connect?

A

The posterior midbrain.

55
Q

What do the projection tracts do?

A

Connect regions of the cortex to the brainstem.

56
Q

What are the three projection tracts? (all continuous with each other from the cortex to brainstem).

A

The corona radiata (tracts from cerebral lobes, converge on the internal capsule), internal capsule, and crus cerebri (white matter of the cerebral peduncles).

57
Q

What are the three parts of the internal capsule?

A

The anterior limb, genu, and posterior limb.

58
Q

What are the basal nuclei of the forebrain?

A

The putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and nucleus accumbens.

59
Q

What is the nucleus accumbens?

A

The fused region of the putamen and putamen).

60
Q

What is the basal nuclei of the diencephalon?

A

The subthalamic nucleus.

61
Q

What is the basal ganglia of the midbrain?

A

The substantia nigra.

62
Q

What is the striatum?

A

The caudate and putamen together.

63
Q

What is the lentiform nucleus?

A

The putamen and globus pallidus.

64
Q

What separates the caudate and putamen?

A

The anterior limb of the internal capsule.

65
Q

What separates the globus pallidus anf the thalamus?

A

The posterior limb of the internal capsule.

Neuro I (4 decks)

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