Internal energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is internal energy ?

A

Energy stored by all the particles in a system

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2
Q

What does internal energy consist of ?

A

The total kinetic and potential energy that the particles possess

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3
Q

What is melting ?

A

solid changes into liquid when melting point is exceeded

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4
Q

What is boiling ?

A

liquid changes into gas when boiling point is exceeded

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5
Q

What is evaporation ?

A

the state change from a liquid to a gas but only on the surface of the liquid
e.g. hot tea (the smoke is the surface of the liquid evaporating)

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6
Q

What is sublimation ?

A

state change from a solid to a gas without melting
e.g. carbon dioxide does this at room temperature

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7
Q

How do we make these changes happen ?

A
  • by increasing the internal energy
  • this can be done by increasing the temperature / pressure of the particles
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8
Q

What is freezing ?

A

state change from a liquid to a solid when it is cooled

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9
Q

What is condensation ?

A

state change from a gas to a liquid when it is cooled

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10
Q

How do we make these changes happen ?

A
  • by decreasing the internal energy
  • this can be done by reducing the temperature or pressure
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11
Q

What is kinetic energy ?

A

the energy possessed by a moving object ( in this case particles moving around )

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12
Q

What is potential energy ?

A

the total of intermolecular forces between particles and their chemical bonds

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13
Q

Structure of a solid

A
  • packed together in fixed positions
  • can only vibrate on the spot
  • fixed shape, fixed volume, high density
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14
Q

Structure of a liquid

A
  • close together but not packed
  • this means liquids can flow
  • no fixed shape but a fixed volume
  • medium density
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15
Q

Structure of a gas

A
  • particles far apart
  • often collide with walls of container
  • no fixed shape or volume
  • low density
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