Intermolecular Forces Flashcards

1
Q

What are the differences between covalent bonds and intermolecular forces?

A

-Covalent bonds are between atoms while intermolecular forces are between dipoles in compounds

-Covalent bonds are strong while intermolecular interactions are weak

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2
Q

What are three types of intermolecular forces?

A

-Induced dipole-dipole interactions (London Forces)

-Permanent dipole-dipole interactions

-Hydrogen Bonding

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3
Q

What properties are intermolecular forces responsible for?

A

Melting and Boiling points

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4
Q

Which intermolecular bond is stronger?
(weakest to strongest)

A

-1) ((weakest)) London

-2) Forces Permanent dipole-dipole interactions

-3) ((strongest)) Hydrogen bonds.

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5
Q

What molecules do London forces occur in?

A

All.

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6
Q

How are London forces/Induced dipole-dipole interactions created?

A

-Random movement of electrons create an instantaneous dipole. (Partial charge due to the increase/decrease of electrons around areas of nucleus)

-Instantaneous dipoles then induce oppositely charged dipoles on neighbouring molecules

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7
Q

Are London Forces temporary or permanent?

A

Temporary.

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8
Q

How can you make London Forces stronger?

A

The more electrons in a molecule, the larger the induced and instantaneous dipoles so the larger the dipole-dipole interactions.

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9
Q

What does the term “Van der Waal’s forces” mean?

A

Ambiguous name that can refer to both induced and permanent dipole-dipole interactions

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10
Q

What is a permanent dipole-dipole interaction?

A

Attraction between permanent dipoles in polar molecules

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11
Q

What are simple molecular lattices held together by?

A

Weak intermolecular forces

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12
Q

How strong are simple molecule’s intermolecular forces?

A

Weak, due to their intermolecular forces.

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13
Q

Why are simple molecules usually gases even in low temperatures?

A

The energy in low temperatures are usually enough to overcome their intermolecular forces

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14
Q

Which, out of polar and non-polar molecules, are soluble when in a polar solvent?

A

Polar molecules due to the opposite charges of the solvent and molecule being attracted to one another.

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15
Q

Which, out of polar and non-polar molecules, are soluble when in a non-polar solvent?

A

Non-polar molecules as they are broken by interactions with the non-polar solvent

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