Interleukins

Question 1

What is the clinical relevance of IL-1?

Answer 1

Implicated in pathogenesis of septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis

Question 2

Which cells produce IL-1?

Answer 2

Macrophages

Question 3

What is the major activity if IL-1?

Answer 3

T-cell activation and macrophages, promotion of inflammation

Question 4

Which cells produce IL-2?

Answer 4

Type 1 helper T cells

Question 5

Which cells produce IL-4?

Answer 5

Type 2 helper T cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils

Question 6

Which cells produce IL-5?

Answer 6

Type 2 helper T cells, mast cells, eosinophils

Question 7

Which cells produce IL-6?

Answer 7

Type 2 helper T cells, macrophages

Question 8

Which cells produce IL-8?

Answer 8

T cells and macrophages

Question 9

Which cells produce IL-11?

Answer 9

Bone marrow and stromal cells

Question 10

Which cells produce IL-12?

Answer 10

Macrophages and B-cells

Question 11

Which cells produce IL-17?

Answer 11

T cells

Question 12

Which cells produce tumour necrosis factor-alpha?

Answer 12

macrophages, NK cells, T and B cells, mast cells

Question 13

Which cells produce tumour necrosis factor-beta?

Answer 13

Type 1 helper T cells and B cells

Question 14

Which cells produce transforming growth factor-beta?

Answer 14

T cells, macrophages, NK cells and B cells

Question 15

GM-CSF is produced by?

Answer 15

T cells, macrophages, NK cells, B cells

Question 16

Interferon- alfa is produced by?

Answer 16

Virally infected cells

Question 17

Interferon- beta is produced by?

Answer 17

Virally infected cells

Question 18

Interferon-gamma is produced by?

Answer 18

Type 1 helper T cells and NK cells

Question 19

What is the major activity if IL-2?

Answer 19

Activation of lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages

Question 20

Which cells in the SI express Till-like receptors?

Answer 20

Endothelial, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, enterocytes

Question 21

What happens when TLRs bind PAMPs?

Answer 21

Production of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B, which is ubiquinated = transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 22

What happens when TLRs bind MAMPs?

Answer 22

Production of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B, ubiquinated BLOCKED = NO transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 23

What is the role of Toll like receptors in the SI?

Answer 23

Recognition of commensal versus invading bacteria. 

Question 24

Which ILs are produced by ubiquinated transcription factor NF-kappa B?

Answer 24

IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha