Interleukins Flashcards
IL-1 source
Macrophages
IL-1 activity
lymphocyte activating factor; stem. T cells and APC; B-cell growth and ab production. Promotes hematopoiesis
IL-2 source
Activated T cells (MHC I, CD8+)
IL-2 Target: activity
T cells: proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory cells; promotes regulatory T cell development, survival, and function
NK cells: proliferation, activation
B cells: proliferation, antibody synthesis (in vitro)
IL - 4 Source
CD4+ T cells, (Th2), Mast cells
IL - 4 Target: Activity
B cells: isotype switching to IgE
T cells: T H 2 differentiation, proliferation
Macrophages: alternative activation and inhibition of IFN-γ–mediated classical activation
Mast cells: proliferation (in vitro)
IL - 5 source
CD4+ T cells (Th2)
IL - 5 Target: activity
Eosinophils: activation, increased generation
B cells: proliferation, IgA production (in vitro)
IL - 6 source
Macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells
IL - 6 target: activity
Liver: synthesis of acute-phase protein
B cells: proliferation of antibody-producing cells.
Induction of fever, synergistic w/ TNFa
IL - 7 source
Fibroblasts, bone marrow stromal cells; thymus
IL - 7 target: activity
Immature lymphoid progenitors: proliferation of early T and B cell progenitors
T lymphocytes: survival of naive and memory cells
IL - 8 source
Macrophages
IL - 8 target: activity
chemoattracts neutrophils produced by monocytes and hepatocytes
IL - 9 source
CD4+ T cells
IL - 9 target: activity
Mast cells, B cells, T cells, and tissue cells: survival and activation
IL-10 source
Activated T cells (Th2), b cells, & monocytes - OR - Macrophages and Treg
IL -10 target: activity
cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor; inhibits production of IL-2 and interferon gamma by Th1 -OR- Macrophages, dendritic cells: inhibition of expression of IL-12, costimulators, and class II MHC
IL - 11 source
Bone marrow stromal cells
IL - 11 target: activity
Production of platelets
IL-12 source
Macrophages, dendritic cells
IL -12 target: activity
T cells: T H 1 differentiation
NK cells and T cells: IFN-γ synthesis, increased cytotoxic activity
IL-13 source
CD4 + T cells (T H 2), NKT cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, mast cells
IL -13 target: activity
B cells: isotype switching to IgE
Epithelial cells: increased mucus production
Fibroblasts: increased collagen synthesis
Macrophages: alternative activation
IL-15 source
Macrophages, other cell types
IL -15 target: activity
NK cells: proliferation
T cells: survival and proliferation of memory CD8 + cells
IL-16 source
T cells, mast cells, eosinophils, epithelial cells
IL -16 target: activity
CD4 + T cells, monocytes, and eosinophils: chemoattractant
IL-17 source
CD4 + T cells (T H 17), group 3 innate lymphoid cells
IL -17 target: activity
Endothelial cells: increased chemokine production
Macrophages: increased chemokine and cytokine production
Epithelial cells: GM-CSF and G-CSF production
IL-18 source
Monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, Kupffer cells, keratinocytes, chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, osteoblasts
IL -18 target: activity
NK cells and T cells: IFN-γ synthesis
Monocytes: expression of GM-CSF, TNF, IL-1β
Neutrophils: activation, cytokine release
IL-19 source
Macrophages
IL -19 target: activity
Macrophages: stimulates IL-1 and TNF secretion
Keratinocytes: proliferation
IL-21 source
T H 2 cells, T H 17 cells, T FH cells
IL -21 target: activity
B cells: activation, proliferation, differentiation
T FH cells: development
T H 17 cells: increased generation
NK cells: functional maturation
IL-23 source
Macrophages, dendritic cells
IL -23 target: activity
T cells: differentiation and expansion of T H 17 cells
IL-25 source
T cells, mast cells, eosinophils, macrophages, mucosal epithelial cells
IL -25 target: activity
T cells and various other cell types: expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
IFNa source
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages
IFNa target: activity
All cells: anti-viral state, increased class I MHC expression NK cells: activation
IFNb source
Fibroblasts, plasmacytoid dendritic cells
IFNb source
All cells: anti-viral state, increased class I MHC expression NK cells: activation
IFNgam source
T cells (T H 1, CD8 + T cells), NK cells
IFNgam source
Macrophages: classical activation (increased microbicidal functions) B cells: isotype switching to opsonizing and complement-fixing IgG subclasses (established in mice) T cells: T H 1 differentiation Various cells: increased expression of class I and class II MHC molecules, increased antigen processing and presentation to T cells
IL-22 source
Th17 cells
IL - 22 target: activity
Epithelial cells: production of defensins, increased barrier function
Hepatocytes: survival
TNF source
Macrophages, NK cells, T cells
TNF target: activity
Endothelial cells: activation (inflammation, coagulation)
Neutrophils: activation
Hypothalamus: fever
Muscle, fat: catabolism (cachexia)
TGF - beta (Transforming growth factor) source
T cells (mainly Tregs), macrophages, other cell types
TGF - beta target:activity
T cells: inhibition of proliferation and effector functions; differentiation of T H 17 and Treg
B cells: inhibition of proliferation; IgA production
Macrophages: inhibition of activation; stimulation of angiogenic factors
Fibroblasts: increased collagen synthesis
