Interleukins

Question 1

IL-5

Answer 1

Released from TH2 cells to stimulate mast cells and eosinophils to degranulate and attack parasites.

Question 2

FcERI

Answer 2

High affinity receptor on mast cells that are specific for IgE and causes degranulation in response to helminths

Question 3

FcyRIIIA (CD16)

Answer 3

low affinity receptor on NK cells activated by IgG and causes release of perforin and granzymes which cause infected cell to die.

Question 4

B cell stimulation by IFN-gamma and CD-40

Answer 4

causes isotype switching to IgG - Fc receptor dependent, complement activation, and neonatal immunity.

Question 5

B cell stimulation by IL-4 and CD-40

Answer 5

causes isotope switching to IgE which is helpful against helminths through mast cell degranulation

Question 6

B cell stimulation by TGF-beta and BAFF in mucosal tissue

Answer 6

causes isotype switching to IgA which is important for mucosal immunity.

Question 7

IgG effector functions

Answer 7

Neutralization of microbes and toxins, opsonization and phagolysis of microbes, antibody mediated cellular cytotoxicity, lysis of microbes, phagocytosis of microbes opsonized with complement fragments, inflammation, feedback inhibition of B cell activation.

Question 8

Fc receptors (CD32)

Answer 8

On B cells, DC, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages - when cross-linked, help to down regulate the immune response. Important in Rh mothers and babies.

Question 9

Th1

Answer 9

IFN-gamma, IL-12 used to initiate macrophages to kill intracellular bacteria and IgG production through IFN-gamma production. Autoimmune disease, tissue damage associated with chronic infections.
Th1 cytokine IFN- can stimulate isotype switching of antigen-specific B cells toward IgG1 antibodies that can fix complement and interact with Fc receptors to enhance opsonophagocytosis.

Question 10

Th2

Answer 10

activated by IL4 used for helminths stimulates mast cells to degranulate and stimulates alternative macrophage response. Secretes IL-4, IL-5, IL-13. Allergic diseases
Activated Th2 cells also express CD40 ligand on their surface, and produce cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 that are involved in the induction of certain antibody isotypes.

Question 11

Th17

Answer 11

Stimulated by TGF-B, IL-6, IL-23 from extracellular bacteria and fungi. Secretes IL-17A and F, IL-22 to stimulate neutrophil, monocytic inflammation. Autoimmune and inflammatory disease.

Question 12

Cytotoxic T cells Receptors

Answer 12

MH1 and ICAM-1 to LFA-1

Question 13

Gemtuzumab

Answer 13

An ab targeting CD33 on tumor cell and is linked to the cytotoxic antibiotic derivative ozogamicin has been used to treat acute myelogenous leukemia.

Question 14

Ibritumomab

Answer 14

Ibritumomab is linked through the chelator tiuexetan to indium-111 for imaging and yttrium-90 for treatment, has been approved since 2003 to treat Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. target CD20 expressed by B cells.

Question 15

Tositumomab

Answer 15

Tositumomab, which is linked to iodine-131, has been approved since 2003 for treatment of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. target CD20 expressed by B cells.