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NCIDQ > Interior Building Materials and Finishes > Flashcards

Interior Building Materials and Finishes Flashcards

1
Q

The most used materials for partitions

A

gypsum wallboard
lath & plaster
masonry

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2
Q

gypsum wallboard

A
  • 4’ sheets at 8’, 10’, 12, and 14’ lengths
  • 5/8” thick (comm) or 1/2” thick (res)
  • tapered edges most common
  • Level 0 - no taping finishing or accessories
  • Level 1 - taped edges, used for plenums and non viewable areas
  • Level 2 - used where tile backerboard will be placed or appearance is not critical
  • Level 3 - same as level 2 but two coats of compound used. used for textured wall finishes, wallpaper
  • Level 4 - 3 coats of compound, light textures or wallcoverings, no gloss or semi gloss
  • Level 5 - skim coat of compound, gloss and semi gloss paints okay.
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3
Q

standard depths of steel studs

A

1 5/8, 2 1/2, 3 5/8, 4, and 6

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4
Q

Lath and Plaster

A

plaster - finish material made from various types of cementing compounds, fine aggregate, and water
two types of plaster construction:
1. metal lath attached to wood or metal studs
2. special gypsum board for plaster

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5
Q

demountable partitions

A

a system of individual components that can be quickly assembled, disassembled, and reused with nearly total salvageability

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6
Q

Float glass

A

the standard type of glass used in common windows and other applications where additional strength or other properties are not required

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7
Q

tempered glass

A

produced by subjecting annealed glass to a special heat treatment. 4x stronger than annealed glass. cannot be cut drilled or deeply etched

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8
Q

laminated glass

A

consists of two or more layers of glass bonded together by an interlayer of plyvinyl butryal.

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9
Q

Wire glass

A

has a mesh of wire embedded in the middle of the sheet

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10
Q

fire rated doors

A

1 hour rated wall = 20 min rated door
1 hour occ. sep = 3/4 hour rated door
1 hour exit stair = 1 hr rated door

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11
Q

types of molding

A 
crown molding
base molding
casing trim
panel trim
chair rails
base shoes
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12
Q

Formula for stairs (risers and treads)

A

2R+T=25”

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13
Q

3 basic qualities of sound

A

velocity
frequency
and power

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14
Q

dB change in intensity

A 
20 - whisper
50 - average conversation
70 - average street noise
120 - hard rock band
140 - jet plane taking off

A healthy young person can hear sounds from 20-20,000Hz

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15
Q

2 problems in containing noise

A

preventing or minimizing the transmission of sounds from one space to another and reducing the noise within a space

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16
Q

STC

A

Sound Transmission Class - used to rate the transmission loss of construction
25 - normal speech can be heard through barrier
35 - loud speech is not understood but heard
46-50 - loud speech not heard, loud sounds may be heard faintly

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17
Q

coefficient of absorption

A

the ratio of the sound intensity absorbed by the material to the total intensity reaching the material

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18
Q

noise reduction within a space

A

avoid hard, reflective surfaces on walls
avg. absorption coeff. should be at least 0.20
ceiling treatments for sound is best for large rooms, as wall treatments is best for small rooms

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19
Q

3 ways to control sound in a room

A

reduce the level of loudness of the sound source
modifying the absorption in the space
introducing nonintrusive background sound to mask the unwanted sound

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20
Q

room planning for noise

A

place similar areas near each other
use buffer spaces to separate noise-producing spaces
stagger doorways

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21
Q

NRC, SRA, and CAC

A

noise reducing coefficient - single number rating of the avg. sound absorption of a material over a limited frequency range
SRA - Speech range absorption
CAC - ceiling attenuation class

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22
Q

Wood flooring

A

4 types:
1. strip flooring - most common, strips of varying lengths with tongue and groove edges
2. plank flooring - same as strip but wider for larger scale
3. block flooring - preassembled wood flooring (parquet)
4. end grain block
wood flooring laid on plywood or sleepers

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23
Q

Carpet

A

rugs
sheet carpet - comes in 12’ wide rolls
carpet tiles - 18” square

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24
Q

Tile

A

ceramic tile - thin, made from clay, glazed or unglazed,

quarry tile - glazed or unglazed, 6” area

ceramic mosaic - dust pressed or extrusion method, 1/4-3/8” thick

porcelain - made from clay, sand and water, lighter in color, more durable, less susceptible to freezing and thawing

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25
Laminate Flooring
variation of plastic laminate, can resemble wood, tile or stone hard, durable, easy to install
26
COF
coefficient of friction, used to evaluate and specify the slip resistance of floor surfaces. ranges from 0-1 (higher means less slippery) static coefficient - resting position dynamic coefficient - two surfaces are in relative motion
27
Paint
composed of: binder - gives paint film integrity and holds particles of pigment together pigments - finely ground natural or synthetic insoluble material that gives paint its color liquid - keeps the paint fluid until it dries additives - added to the paint to impart certain attributes (mildewcides, rheology modifiers, surfactants, defoamers)
28
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds - hydrocarbon solvents usedin paints, stains, and other products that are released into the air during application and react with nitrous oxide and sublight to form ozone, the same product caused by automotive exhaust and other pollutants
29
wallpaper
``` typically 20 1/2" w x 21' long pattern repeat (straight match or drop match) vinyl wallcovering - durable, easy to clean, type I, II, or III. fabric wallcovering - wool, silk or synthetics, upholstered walls, ```
30
window treatments
``` enhance appearance of windows, control light, provide privacy, reduce heat gain and loss, block bad views, reduce sound roller shades roman shades Austrian shades Venetian blinds mini blinds vertical blinds louvered shutters drapery translucent panels ```
31
carpet calculations
to estimate carpet needed, you need the area of the space and a carpet layout showing seam locations and direction of nap - measured by square yard
32
wallpaper calculations
square footage method - total area to be covered is calculated, modified by an allowance for waste and deductions for doors, windows, and other areas ``` strip method - total perimeter of room calculated in inches and divided by width of the roll of wallcovering material check book (ch 16) for more specifics ```
33
drapery calculations
fabric width = opening size, stacking space, return, overlap fullness = width before pleating - width after pleating/width after pleating x 100
34
softwood vs hardwood
softwood - timber from evergreen trees (pine and fir) | hardwood - timber from deciduous trees (oak and maple)
35
solid stock lumber vs veneer
solid stock - thick piece of lumber used alone to form some woodwork component veneer is a thin piece of wood sliced from a log and glued to a backing or particle board or plywood
36
lumber cutting
plain saw - straight through the log quarter saw - sliced diagonally in each quadrant rift sawing - sliced towards center in each quadrant
37
standing vs running trim
standing trim - item of fixed length such as a door or window casing that can be installed with a single length of wood running trim - an item of continuing length such as a caseload, chair rail, or cornice which needs multiple wood pieces.
38
Opaque wood finishes
lacquer varnish polyurethane polyester
39
solid surfacing millwork
generic term for homogeneous, polymer-based surfacing materials. combination of two ingredients - a filler and a clear resin binder, either acrylic, polyester, or a mixture of the two
40
quartz surfacing
when quartz is crushed and set in a resin with pigments to create a durable and scratch resistant surface material
41
What to consider with FF&E research
``` industry standards codes and regulations sustainability samples and mock ups costs ```
42
FF&E Information Sources
``` Journals & Newsletters Merch Marts, Shows and Showrooms Manufacturers, Dealers, and Reps Internet Research Trade Associations Product Information ```
43
Criteria for materials selection
``` Function Durability Maintainability Safety/Health Cost ```
44
Finish Function
``` acoustic qualities aesthetics availability choice installation ```
45
Finish Durability
``` Abrasion Resistance chemical resistance coating adhesion cold-cracking resistance colorfastness corrosion resistance fabrication quality heat-aging resistance lightfastness scrubbability shrinkage stain resistance strength/structure tear resistance washability ```
46
Finish Maintainability
``` Cleanability Repairability Resilience Self-healing quality Sustainability ```
47
Finish Safety/Health
``` Finish safety Flammability Mold and Mildew Resistance Outgassing (release of toxic gases) Security Slip resistance VOC ```
48
3 categories of furniture
ready-made, custom-designed, and built-in
49
Wool
``` used for carpets, upholstery and drapery resilient great elasticity cleans easily self extinguishing ``` expensive not as stable since it can be stretched
50
Cotton
natural fiber inexpensive good strength moderate abrasion resistance poor resilience burns readily subject to mildew
51
Linen
``` mostly used for draperies and wall coverings natural fiber lacks resilience and flexibility susceptible to abrasion does not take printed dyes well ```
52
Silk
Natural fiber strong good resilience and flexibility expensive degrades in sunlight
53
Rayon
``` mostly used for upholstery high absorbency poor sunlight resistance poor resiliency low resistance to water and moisture flammable ```
54
Nylon
synthetic fiber strong high resilience and elasticity resistant to many chemicals and water
55
Polyester
synthetic fiber good resilience and elasticity high resistance to solvents and chemicals undesirable burning properties
56
smoldering resistance
cigarette ignition resistance test for upholstery
57
Indentation Load Deflection (ILD)
the # of pounds it takes to compress the foam down to 1" or 25%
58
Vertical ignition test
establishes two procedures for testing the flammability of draperies, curtains, and other window treatments
59
Cigarette Ignition Resistance Test of Furniture Components
tests the resistance of upholstered furniture components separately, to flame and cigarette ignition
60
Cigarette Ignition Resistance Test of Furniture Composites
tests the resistance of a seat cushion mockup (including foam, liner, and fabric) to a lighted cigarette
61
Full seating test
test evaluates the effect of an open flame on an actual sample of a chair
62
Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance test
test determines the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics
63
Taber abraser test
test determines the abrasion resistance of textiles, most commonly carpet.
64
Martindale abrasion test
this test determines the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics, generally with a pile depth of less than 0.08" (2mm)
65
Fade-ometer Test
test determines the colorfastness under light exposure of textile materials using six different test options. The most common test option uses xenon arc lamp with continuous light
66
Crocking resistance test
test determines the resistance of a colored textile to transfer its color from its surface to other surfaces by rubbing
67
Tearing strength test, tongue method
this test measures the tearing resistance of fabrics after an initial cut has been made in the fabric
68
Bacterial resistance test
test detects bacteriostatic activity on textile materials
69
wool carpet fibers
- natural, durable, wears well, flame resistant, easy to clean
70
nylon carpet fibers
- strong, wear-resistant, good stain and crush resistance, most widely used
71
acrylic carpet fibers
- moderate abrasion resistance, good crush resistance, easy to maintain
72
polyester carpet fibers
- synthetic, high abrasion resistant, good crush resistance, cleans well, low in cost
73
olefin carpet fibers
- indoor/outdoor, durable, stain-resistant, cleans easily

NCIDQ (9 decks)

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