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Fall 2013- Electrotherapeutics > Interferential Current > Flashcards

Interferential Current Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary use for IFC?

A

pain modulation

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2
Q

What are the 2 electrode setups for IFC?

A

quadripolar (4 electrodes) or bipolar (2 electrodes)

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3
Q

Type of IFC waveform

A

sinusoidal (amplitude-modulated)

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4
Q

of IFC wave frequencies and small/medium/large current

A

2 separate medium frequency currents

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5
Q

The two currents interfere with each other so that their individual effects are ________. This creates a ______ current which is called the ______.

A

increased, diminished, or neutralized. Third, treatment frequency.

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6
Q

IFC therapy achieves the _____ physiological effects of low-frequency (under 250pps) ES of m. and n. tissues w/o the associated painful and unpleasant side effects

A

stronger

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7
Q

At low-frequency most patients experience what effects?

A

considerable discomfort due to the resistance of the skin is inversely proportional to the freq of the stimulation

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8
Q

The ____ the stimulation frequency, the _____ the resistance to the passage of the current; thus more discomfort is experienced.

A

lower, greater

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9
Q

At low frequency (50Hz) the skin impedance is ____ and at medium frequency (4000Hz) resistance is ______

A

greater, reduced

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10
Q

How is the medium frequency of IFC achieved?

A

by the crossing of 2 sinusoidal waves having similar amplitudes, but different carrier frequencies.

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11
Q

The 2 sinusoidal waves of IFC interfere with one another to generate a third, _____ amplitude modulated “__________”

A

low, beat frequency

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12
Q

What is the net difference between the 2 superimposed frequencies of IFC?

A

the consequent beat frequency

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13
Q

What is constructive interference?

A

when the 2 waves are in phase, the sum of the superimposed wave is large

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14
Q

What is destructive interference?

A

the sum of the 2 waves is zero when the waves are parallel to each other (aka 180 degrees out of phase)

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15
Q

What is a constant beat frequency?

A

when both carrier frequencies are fixed, beat frequency is net difference between both frequencies

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16
Q

What is a variable beat frequency?

A

one carrier frequency is fixed and the other varies in frequency generating a variable or sweep frequency. Sweep used to minimize accommodation.

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17
Q

Static interferential fields are generated when 4 electrodes (2 circuits) are used and the ______ pattern is produced.

A

cloverleaf

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18
Q

The _______interferential fields provide a greater area of stimulation in comparison with _____ interferential fields.

A

dynamic, static

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19
Q

When do dynamic (vector scan) interferential fields occur?

A

when the interferential fields are rotated 45 degrees caused by the vectoring effect of rhythmically unbalancing the IFC to change the position of the stimulation areas.

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20
Q

When treating a small area what technique of IFC is used and how many electrodes are used?

A

pre-modulated IFC, 2 electrodes

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21
Q

What does full-field scanning & dynamic interferential have in common?

A

they burst the current over 2 circuits

22
Q

The _______ occurs in the ES unit and is delievered as a premodulated current through one circuit (called a channel).

A

interference

23
Q

What 2 modulations of IFC are there and what are they used for?

A

continuous for pain & interrupted for m. exercise

24
Q

Russian and biphasic work better for _____, but IFC could be used for _______.

A

exercise, muscle spasm

25
Q

What is the pain protocol of IFC?

A

similar to high- or low-rate TENS; turn amplitude up to patients comfort

26
Q

What is the muscle-strengthening protocol for IFC?

A

similar to low-or medium- frequency ES; turn amplitude up as high as pt can tolerate it.

27
Q

What are the 3 goals and indications for IFC?

A
  1. modulate pain
  2. increase muscle strength
  3. increase ROM
28
Q

What are the 6 contraindications for IFC?

A
  1. healing fractures
  2. areas of active bleeding
  3. malignancies or phlebitis in tx area
  4. superficial metal implants
  5. pharyngeal or laryngeal m.
  6. ES should not be allowed to patients with demand-type pacemaker, myocardial disease
29
Q

What is the bipolar IFC electrode placement?

A

active and dispersive electrodes placed over or around small area (premodulated IFC aka Pre-Mod)

30
Q

What is the quadripolar IFC electrode placement?

A

two sets of electrodes placed diagonally to one another over large area with the treatment area in the center of the electrodes

31
Q

One channel of IFC is a set (fixed frequency) which is called the _____ frequency. The other channel has an adjustable frequency, which is used to produce a ____ frequency, which is the difference between the 2 frequencies.

A

carrier, beat

32
Q

If the carrier frequency is 5000Hz and the second frequency is 5100Hz, what is the beat (treatment) frequency?

A

200Hz

33
Q

The location where the 2 currents cross or interfere is called a ____.

A

vector

34
Q

What are the two types of vectors? What are their differences?

A

static & dynamic: Static vector does not move, but stays centered where the currents cross. Dynamic vector moves throughout the tx field btwn the 4 fields.

35
Q

How do you alter the dynamic vector on the machine?

A

alter the beat frequency by changing the second current’s frequency, this feature is known as sweep or scan.

36
Q

Localized pain is treated with a ___vector and a poorly defined pain is treated with a ____ vector

A

static, dynamic

37
Q

What is the pulse rate for IFC when the goal is to treat acute pain? How long do the effects last?

A

80-200pps. Pain relief is almost immediate but lasts only a few min to 1 hour.

38
Q

What is the pulse rate for IFC when the goal is to treat chronic pain? How long do the effects last?

A

1-5pps. Pain relied may take 30 min but may last 6-7 hours.

39
Q

What vector buttons are used for pain that is easily identifiable and pinpointed?

A

target or vector

40
Q

For poorly localized back pain the carrier frequency is 5000Hz and an adjusted beat frequency of 100Hz. What is each channel running at?

A

5000Hz and 5100Hz

41
Q

What type of tissue response are you looking for when treating poorly localized pain?

A

sensory stimulation, use the maximum current that is comfortable for the patient (W/O CONTRACTING MUSCLE).

42
Q

How often might one need to increase the intensity?

A

10 min

43
Q

How long is the length of the application for IFC?

A

20-30 min

44
Q

What is the frequency of IFC application?

A

once or twice daily, PRN pain, use until IFC is no longer effective

45
Q

What are the 3 ways that premodulated current is similar to IFC in clinical use?

A
  1. the currents are interfered within the device before delivery to the patient
  2. the current do not interfere with each other in the patient tissues
  3. the amplitude is not summed within the patient
46
Q

Pre-mod is referred to as _____ or _____ IFC since it is adjusted outside the patient and __ electrodes are used.

A

exogenous, bipolar, 2

47
Q

Pre-mod is for treating _____ areas or ___ areas where 4 electrodes cant effectively bracket the treatment area such as the upper cervical

A

longitudinal, small

48
Q

What is a vector scan? Why is it used?

A

A vector scan is the modulation of the amplitude of one or both of the input currents, resulting in a rhythmic change in position of the interference pattern. To increase the area of the interference and stimulate greater tissue area, modulation to the interfered currents can be used.

49
Q

Compared to TENS, IFC has the following advantages:

A
  • ability to cover a large area

- penetrate deeper into the tissues

50
Q

In general IFC is used for __, ___ areas and TENS for ___ ____ areas.

A

large, deep, small, superficial

51
Q

___ can be used for trigger points because most are superficial and can be treated with ____ frequency current.

A

TENS, low

Fall 2013- Electrotherapeutics (11 decks)

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