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Passive Care Exam One > Interferential and Russian Currents, Iontophoresis > Flashcards

Interferential and Russian Currents, Iontophoresis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of interferential current?

A

1 true interferential
2 pre-modulated
3 vector scan
4 stereodynamic

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2
Q

What levels of frequency penetrate deeper?

A

Medium and high

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3
Q

What is the frequency range for IFC?

A

3,000-5,000 Hz

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4
Q

How is the treatment frequency produced with IFC?

A

Interference of the 2 currents in the body

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5
Q

What determines the treatment frequency for IFC?

A

Type of pain (acute, subacute, chronic)

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6
Q

What kind of interference occurs when two sinusoidal waves that are exactly in phase combine to supplement each other?

A

Constructive

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7
Q

What kind of interference occurs when two sinusoidal waves are exactly out of phase and the result is a cancellation of both waves?

A

Destructive

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8
Q

What is heterodyne interference?

A

Combination of constructive and destructive interference resulting in a wave with a beat effect

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9
Q

What is the benefit of using a target?

A

Reduction of inaccuracy of therapy by targeting the painful tissues

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10
Q

What is the difference between premodulated and true interferential current?

A

Pre-mod interference occurs in machine NOT body

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11
Q

What is the purpose of pre-mod current?

A

Pain relief

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12
Q

Pre-mod currents are good for areas of what size?

A

Small (2 electrodes on either side of pain)

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13
Q

What is the benefit and downfall of bipolar electrode placement via pre-mod current?

A

Pro: more accuracy
Con: does not penetrate tissues as deep

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14
Q

What kind of electrode configuration is seen with vector scan?

A

Quadripolar

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15
Q

What kind of current is used with vector scan?

A

True interferential

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16
Q

What makes vector scan different from regular true interferential?

A

Amplitude varies between the channels causing the cloverleaf pattern to rotate and provide a larger treatment area

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17
Q

How many channels and electrodes are used in a stereodynamic current, and what interference pattern shape is created?

A

6-petal flower shape: 3 channels and 6 electrodes

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18
Q

What type of treatment is BETTER for muscle strengthening?

A

Russian stimulation (even though IFC can help a tad)

19
Q

Does increased circulation occur with IFC?

A

No (sometimes appears that way due to suction electrode systems)

20
Q

What are the contraindications for IFC?

A 
1 anterior cervical area
2 through chest
3 through head
4 pacemakers and ICDs
5 abdomen, pelvis, lumbar areas of 1st tri pregnant women
6 metal implants
7 epilepsy
8 areas of hemorrhage
9 cancer
10 confused/unreliable patients
11 damaged skin
12 unknown etiology
21
Q

What are the risks associated with IFC?

A

Skin irritation

22
Q

What are the frequency ranges for acute, chronic, and subacute pain for IFC?

A 
Acute = high setting 80-150, low settle 60-120
Chronic = 1-15
Subacute = 1-150
23
Q

What is the usual treatment time for IFC?

A

15-20 minutes

24
Q

What is the desired amplitude for IFC when treating pain?

A

Patient comfort (tingling or muscle twitch)

25
Q

What is the desired amplitude for IFC when working on strength?

A

Patient tolerance

26
Q

What is the duty cycle used for strength IFC treatment?

A

10:50 (10 seconds on, 50 off)

27
Q

What is the main purpose of using Russian current?

A

To cause muscle contraction for muscle strengthening

28
Q

What are the indications for Russian current?

A

1 muscle re-education
2 retard atrophy
3 muscle strengthening
4 decrease muscle spasm through fatigue

29
Q

What level of burst frequency is used for Russian stimulation?

A

50 Hz

30
Q

What is the duty cycle used with Russian current for muscle strengthening?

A

10:50

31
Q

What is the duty cycle used with Russian current for muscle fatigue to decrease spasms?

A

10:10

32
Q

What is the normal amplitude level for Russian stimulation?

A

Patient tolerance

33
Q

What is the range for ramp time for Russian current?

A

.5-2 seconds

34
Q

What is the usual electrode placement for Russian current?

A

Between muscle belly and tendon (along fibers of same muscle)

35
Q

What is the specific location of the most alpha motor neurons in a muscle?

A

Motor points

36
Q

Why would a quadripolar electrode configuration be used in Russian stimulation?

A

Larger muscles

37
Q

What is the “normal” electrode placement for Russian stimulation?

A

Bipolar

38
Q

Why would a bipolar electrode configuration be used in Russian stimulation?

A

Smaller muscles

39
Q

What is the type of treatment seen with Russian stimulation where bilateral muscles are targeted that alway contract together (example = trapezoids)?

A

Co-contract

40
Q

What type of treatment is seen with Russian stimulation where both agonist and antagonist muscles or muscle groups are targeted?

A

Reciprocal (quadripolar)

41
Q

What is the duty cycle for reciprocal or alternate currents for Russian stimulation?

A

10:50

42
Q

What is the term for the movement of ions across the skin under the direct influence of an electrical current?

A

Electromigration

43
Q

What is Coulomb’s law?

A

Like charges repel and unlike charges attract

44
Q

What is iontophoresis?

A

Local transfer of ionized substances such as drugs across the skin

Passive Care Exam One (4 decks)

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