Interdependence Flashcards
learning outcomes Topic 1
Describe ways in which organisms interact and are dependent on each other
- Within a species, eg mating and reproduction
2. Between species, eg predation
Describe 4 ways of studying interdependence between organisms
- Physiological
- Behavioural
- Ecological
- Evolutionary
Name 1 physiological aspect of predator/prey interaction
the energy requirements of the predator
Name 1 behavioural aspect of predator/prey interaction
nocturnal movements of prey
Name 1 ecological aspect of predator/prey interaction
change in prey population size in response to predators
Name 1 evolutionary aspect of predator/prey interaction
evolution of jaw size of predator
Explain the principles of constructing phylogonies
a depiction of lines of evolutionary descent of different species or organisms from a common ancestor with closely related species branched together
Name the lines of descent shown in a phylogeny
lineages
What is the name given to all descendants on a common ancestor
A clade, eg marsupials and rats
What name defines a group of organisms found within a single clade
A monophyletic group (seperated from the ancestral root with a single cut through a branch)
What other name describes a non-monphyletic group
A paraphyletic group (seperated from the ancestral group by 2 or more cuts)
Define mutualism
An interaction between species where both sides benefit (+,+)
Give an example of a mutualistic interaction
- ants defend acacia plants from predators
2. the acacia provides food and shelter for the ants
What are the 2 main distinctions among insects?
The absence or presence of wings, and the process of devt of wings in the species that have them
Define Apterygota
wingless insects
Define Pterygota and the 2 sub-groups
Winged insects.
Endopterygota: develop adult parts internally; larvae metamorphosise
Exopterygota: develop adult parts externally; larvae like mini-adults
