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BNF crash course > Interactions and toxicity symptoms > Flashcards

Interactions and toxicity symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the enzyme inducers?

A 
BSCRAPGPS
Barbiturates
Sulphonylureas 
Carbamazepine 
Rifampicin 
Alcohol 
Phenytoin 
Griseofulvin 
Phenobarbital
St John Wort
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2
Q

What are the enzyme inhibitors?

A 
SICKFACES.COM Groups 
Sodium valproate 
Isoniazid 
Cimetidine 
Ketoconazole 
Fluconazole 
Alcohol 
Chloramphenicol 
Erythromycin 
Sulphonamides 
Ciprofloxacin 
Omeprazole 
Metronidazole 
Grape fruit
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3
Q

What interacts with CCB?

A
  • Grapefruit juice
  • Statins
  • Aliskeren
  • ARB
  • Potassium sparing diuretics
  • Aldosterone antagonists
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4
Q

What interacts with ACE inhibitors resulting in hyperkalaemia?

A
  • Aliskeren
  • ARB
  • K+ sparing diuretics
  • Aldosterone antagonist diuretics
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5
Q

What interacts with ACE to result in nephrotoxicity?

A

NSAIDS

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6
Q

What interacts with ACE increasing risk of hypotension?

A

Diuretics

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7
Q

The use of what with statins increase the risk of myopathy ?

A

Ezetimibe or fibrates

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8
Q

What drugs cause hyperlipidaemia?

A
  • 2nd gen antipsychotics
  • immunosuppressants
  • corticosteroids
  • antiretroviral (HIV drugs)
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9
Q

What conditions causes hyperlipidaemia?

A
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Liver or kidney disease
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Family history/ Genetics
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10
Q

What interacts with statins to result in myopathy and renal impairment?

A

Fibrates

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11
Q

Which vitamins absorption is impaired with bile acid sequestrants? and what is the course of action to avoid this?

A

Fat-soluble vitamins ADEK

Take 1hr before bile acid sequestrants or 4hrs after

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12
Q

What drugs induce hyperglycaemia?

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • Loop diuretics
  • beta blockers
  • Anti-psychotics
  • statins
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13
Q

What is the MHRA/CHM warning Jan 2016 about nicorandil?

A

Can cause serious mouth, skin, eye and GI ulcers that can result in haemorrhage

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14
Q

What drugs result in hyperkalaemia?

A 
"HADBEANS"
ACE/ARB
Antifungals 
Beta blockers
Digoxin 
Aldosterone antagonists diuretics 
Potassium sparing diuretics 
Heparin 
Mannitol / Glucose 
NSAIDs
Tacrolimus 
Triamterene 
Trimethoprim
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15
Q

What drugs result in hypokalaemia?

A 
"Dare insult betty's tough carpet"
Amiodarone 
Theophylline 
Steroids
Furosemide - loops 
Fludrocortisone 
Penicillin 
Aminoglycosides 
Amphotericin B
Pseudoephedrine 
Verapamil in overdose
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16
Q

What drugs are nephrotoxic?

A 
DAMN
Diuretics
ACE/ARB
Metformin 
NSAIDS
17
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperkalaemia ?

A 
Abdominal (belly) pain and diarrhea.
Chest pain.
Heart palpitations or arrhythmia (irregular, fast or fluttering heartbeat).
Muscle weakness or numbness in limbs.
Nausea and vomiting
18
Q

What are the symptoms of hypokalaemia ?

A 
Muscle twitches.
Muscle cramps or weakness.
Muscles that will not move (paralysis)
Abnormal heart rhythms.
Kidney problems
19
Q

What drugs cause hypernatremia?

A

Steroids
Contraceptives
Lithium
Fosfomycin

20
Q

What drugs cause hyponatraemia?

A

Antidepressants
Carbamazepine
Desmopressin
Thiazide/Loops diuretics

21
Q

What common drugs interact with warfarin?

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Penicillin
  • Fibrates
  • Carbamazepine
  • Cimetidine
  • Quinolones
  • Macrolides
  • Cranberry juice
  • Tetracyclines
  • Antidepressants
  • Anything that increases risk of bleeding i.e. aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, mefenamic acid -
  • Trimethoprim
22
Q

What drugs increase QT prolongation and what is the affect of that?

A 
Quinolones 
Citalopram 
SSRIs
Quinine 
Amiodarone 
Macrolides 
Antipsychotics 
Domperidone 
Fluconazole
Mirabegron 
Senna + digoxin
23
Q

What antibiotics can aggravate myasthenia gravis ?

A

Macrolides

24
Q

Which drugs can increase the risk of peptic ulcers/ GI bleeding?

A

NSAIDs, Aspirin, Anticoagulants, Steroids, bisphosphonates and SSRIs

25
Q

What is used to treat iron poisoning?

A

Deferoxamine (desferrioxamine)

26
Q

What is hyperphosphatemia treated with?

A

treat with calcium-containing preparations as they are phosphate-binding agents

27
Q

What is hypophosphatemia treated with?

A

treat with phosphate; give IV if moderate to severe

28
Q

What drugs lower seizure threshold?

A 
SSRIS
TCA
Antipsychotics 
Tramadol 
Quinolones

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