Interactionist Theories Flashcards

1
Q

what is a criminal identity

A

a social category into which deviants are placed by others or themselves

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2
Q

what is labeling theory

A

The process of someone giving another person a deviant label which causes the person to commit to a deviant identity

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3
Q

How does labelling theory think about the cause of crime

A

focuses more on what are the reactions to crime and labels

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4
Q

Who is the key thinker that developed labelling theory

A

Howard Becker developed labelling theory in his novel Outsiders

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5
Q

What is unique about the labelling theory of crime

A

it explains how criminality is created and how people are defined and understood as criminals through symbolic exchanges
- explains how crime is socially constructed
- if you deviate from social norms and roles become labeled as deviant
- what makes a crime is based on how people react

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6
Q

How does bias present itself in labelling people as criminals or deviants

A

Stereotypes and biases have often unjustly associated a label of criminality to black men on a basis of race and gender than on the persons activities

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7
Q

What is the specific example discussed in class on bias in labelling theory

A

The first 155 of 250 DNA exonerations were African american men (62%) -1983
-47% of the 1,900 exonerations in the US in 2016

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8
Q

what is the deviant career

A

Stages of personal involvement in criminal activities (like stages in an occupational career)

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9
Q

what are the stages of the deviant career

A
  1. Primary deviation
  2. Societal reaction
  3. Secondary deviation
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10
Q

Define continuance commitments

A

The awareness of the impossibility of choosing a non-criminal identity because of the penalties in making the switch
-Penalties can be structural or personal

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11
Q

Define Secondary deviation

A

Deviance becomes a way of life, being labeled as being deviant can cause the shift from primary deviation to secondary

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12
Q

Define Primary deviation

A

early in career, commits deviant acts infrequently, does not self-identify as a deviant

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13
Q

Define master status

A

the status the person most relates to when trying to express themselves to others

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14
Q

define turning points

A

a situation that causes the criminal career to be prolonged
- example: interest in drugs, interest in delinquent activities

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15
Q

What is a moral entrepreneur

A

persons in power who campaign to have certain deviant behavior outlawed

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16
Q

What might be some examples of moral entrepreneurs

A
  • mothers against drunk driving against cannabis consumption because it will be another cause similar to drinking and driving
17
Q

What are some critiques of differential association theory

A
  • Expressive reasons for committing crime are ignored
    -Deviant motives and meaning are often gradually learned
18
Q

What is the Marxist critique on labelling theory

A

labelling theory fails to examine the division between powerful and powerless in society