Interactionist Approach Flashcards
What is the interactionist approach?
acknowledges that there are a range of factors which are involved in the development of schizophrenia
The Original Diathesis-Stress model
Meehl (1962)
-diathesis is biological in origin (single schizogene) which caused a schizotypic personaility which in turn manifests into SZ
- only occurs when the diathesis is accompanied by a purely psychological stressor
Modern understanding of diathesis
-can also be psychological in origin not just biological, i.e childhood trauma
-Ingram and Luxton (2005)
Idea of a single schizogene has been reflected by Ripke’s findings of over 108 candidate genes
-whilst early childhood trauma causes dysfunction in the functioning og the I+PA system leading to a greater sensitvity to stressors in the future
-therefore increasing the likelihood of developing SZ according to the diathesis-stress model
Modern understanding of stress
Not limited to psychological- also be biological
-as long as it increases the risk of developing Sz according to Houston et al (2008)
Cannibis use may be considered a lifestyle stress, which, when companied with childhood trauma, a biological predispostion or chronic stress, increases the risk of developing SZ by 7-fold
Modern understanding of stress
Not limited to psychological- also be biological
-as long as it increases the risk of developing Sz according to Houston et al (2008)
Cannibis use may be considered a lifestyle stress, which, when companied with childhood trauma, a biological predispostion or chronic stress, increases the risk of developing SZ by 7-fold
Treating SZ with the interactionist approach
Biological treatments appear to address the direct causes of SZ whilst psychological treatments appear to be more well-suited in treating indirect causes
-suggested by Turkington et al (2006)
Approach likely to be reflected in the use of antipsychotic medication with CBT but less frequently used in the USA where there’s still little overlap between bio and psych approaches towards explaining and treating SZ
Treating SZ with the interactionist approach
Biological treatments appear to address the direct causes of SZ whilst psychological treatments appear to be more well-suited in treating indirect causes
-suggested by Turkington et al (2006)
Approach likely to be reflected in the use of antipsychotic medication with CBT but less frequently used in the USA where there’s still little overlap between bio and psych approaches towards explaining and treating SZ
A03- Interactionist Approach
(Adoption Study)
Tinerari et al (2004)
19,000 Finnish mothers and adoptees who suffered from SZ and compared these findings to a neurotypical group of children adopted across the same period
-Found that adoptees with high genetic risk, adoptive- family ratings were a significant predictor of SZ-Spectrum disorders in adoptees at long-term follow up
Provides strong support for the diathesis-stress model- findings demonstrate that a single diathesis/ stressor is not enough to trigger the development of SZ needs the combination
A03- Interactionist Approach
(Over-simplified)
Original DS model is too simplified
- reflection of the outdated understanding
Ripke et al (2014)- over 108 candidate genes, each slightly increasing the risk of SZ
-no single schizogene
Stress can come in many forms, I.e EE, Cannibis, childhood trauma
Therefore the diathesis is not exclusively bio nor stressor psych
Considered a strength in the sense that our current understanding of SZ is far more accurate than the original
A03- Interactionist Approach
(Research Support)
Tarrier et al (2004)
315 patients who were randomly allocated to one of three conditions
The last control group- received no treatment
First Two- combination of psychological and biological treatments
- Found that after 18 month follow up there was dog advantages for CBT and supportive counselling over treatments as usual alone on symptom measures at 18 months but
No group difference was seen for relapse or re-hospitalisation
Therefore, adjunctive psychological treatments can have a beneficial long term effect on symptom reduction
