INTERACTIONIST

Question 1

How does Howard Becker explain labelling theory

Answer 1

• no such thing as a deviant act, becomes deviant when labelled deviant
• groups such as media and police are moral entrepreneurs
• once a group is labelled as homosexual, mentally ill or criminal it becomes their master status
• see themselves as it which becomes their self fulfilling prophecy
  EXPLAIN PROCESSES AND EXAMPLES

Question 2

Explain jock youngs study of labelling with marijuana users

Answer 2

STUDY: hippie marijuana users in London
FOUND: police saw hippies as dirty lazy drug addicts, police action unites marijuana users and makes them feel different
RESULT: retreat into small groups, different norms and values in groups including unconventional clothes and longer hair

Question 3

A03 of labelling theory

Answer 3

Deterministic, once labelled, deviant career is inevitable
EXAMPLE: not all released from prison reoffend

Question 4

what are the two types of deviance edwin lemert identifies

Answer 4

1. primary: deviant acts before they are publicly labelled
2. secondary: the response of the individual to the societal reaction

Question 5

what does lemert say about primary deviance

Answer 5

its pointless to find the cause of primary deviance as most deviant acts are common so statistically normal, they may not have a single cause as most males engage in delinquency at some point

Question 6

what is an A03 point for edwin lemert

Answer 6

by him not explaining why people offend in the first place means we cant use it practically

Question 7

what was erving goffmans study

Answer 7

STUDY:
- examined treatment of mental patients - findings illustrate lemerts idea of secondary deviance

Question 8

what did erving goffman find in his study

Answer 8

• when inmates arrive pressure is placed on them to accept their definition of mentally ill
• individuality of the inmates is removed through a process he calls mortification eg hair is cut washed and disinfected, clothes are removed and they receive a new identity in the form of a number

Question 9

what where the effects on the inmates found by erving goffman

Answer 9

• inmates where unprepared for life on the outside as they are institutionalised
• some accept their labels of deviants
• others believe they cant function on the outside world

Question 10

what does braithwaite identify as the 2 positive roles for the labelling process and what are they called

Answer 10

the two types of shaming
1. disintegrative shaming: labelled as doing a bad thing and you are a bad person
2. reintegrative shaming: labelled as doing a bad thing but not a bad person

Question 11

how does braithwaite describe reintegrative shaming

Answer 11

making an offender aware of the negative impact of their actions and encouraging them to forgive but avoid stigmatising them as evil

Question 12

what does braithwaite say reintegrative shaming prevents

Answer 12

it prevents secondary deviance as they are integrated back into mainstream society

Question 13

what evidence is their to support reintegrative shaming

Answer 13

crime rates are lower in countries where it has been adopted

Question 14

what does cicourel say the negotiation of justice is