interactionism and education Flashcards
What is Labeling Theory in Education?
A micro conflict theory focusing on the relationship between the labelled (pupil) and the labeller (teacher).
Who developed the concept of the ‘ideal pupil’?
Howard Becker
What are some possible characteristics of an ‘ideal pupil’ according to Howard Becker?
- Obedience
- Respect to authority
- Punctuality
- Ability to meet deadlines
- Polite and well-mannered
- Well-spoken (Bernstein’s elaborated code of speech)
What is Goffman’s concept of ‘spoiled identity’?
The stigma a teacher holds can lead to a spoiled identity for students who do not meet the ideal standards.
What was the procedure of Harvey & Slatin’s 1975 study?
96 teachers rated pupils’ performance based on photographs representing different social classes.
What conclusion was drawn from Harvey & Slatin’s study?
Teachers label students academically based on perceptions of class, influenced by the ‘ideal pupil’ concept.
What was the hypothesis of Rosenthal and Jacobson’s 1968 study?
Poor children perform badly due to teacher expectations, not because they are from disadvantaged groups.
What did Rosenthal and Jacobson’s study reveal about teacher expectations?
Teachers’ expectations influenced students’ intellectual gains; those expected to perform well did so.
What is the difference between setting and streaming in education?
Setting groups students based on learning abilities; streaming groups based on perceived ability.
What impact does setting and streaming have on students?
It negatively impacts students’ attainment and self-image due to differing expectations.
What did Neil Keddie argue regarding setting and streaming?
Teachers label students subconsciously and high-status knowledge is often provided to top sets, favoring middle-class students.
What is the class attainment gap?
Middle-class students are 33% more likely to achieve 5 or more A*-C grades than working-class students.
What criticism did Mary Fuller have of labeling theory?
Labeling theory is overly deterministic; not all children internalize labels.
What was Fuller’s finding regarding Black girls and stereotypes?
They rejected the low achiever stereotype and became high achievers, maintaining a positive self-image.
Fill in the blank: According to Howard Becker, the ‘ideal pupil’ includes traits such as _______.
[obedience, respect to authority, punctuality, ability to meet deadlines, polite and well-mannered, well-spoken]
True or False: Setting and streaming processes are always beneficial for all students.
False
What is a self-negating prophecy in the context of educational labeling?
Negative labels do not always lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy; individual strength can determine success.
